018530 - SWITCH Sustainable Water Management in the City of the Future Integrated Project Global Change and Ecosystems D 6.1.4 A handbook of appraisal and communication tools to assist conflict resolution and minimize barriers to effective decision-making. Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: IRC International Water and Sanitation Period covered: from M1 to M60 Date of preparation: January 31, 2010 Start date of project: 1 February 2006 Duration: 60 months Revision [final] Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PU PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) 1 SWITCH Briefing Note Training Manual Conflict Resolution Audience The audience of the training manual are professionals that provide training to practitioners that are involved in urban water management or the facilitation of multi- stakeholder platforms. Purpose The purpose of the training manual is support the capacity development of practitioners that are involved in urban water management. Background Urban water management is a complex and wicked problem that easily gives rise to conflicts between groups of stakeholders. A better understanding of conflict resolution methods will support practitioners in their endeavour to come to well balanced and well negotiated solutions to these complex problems. Potential Impact The potential impact of this training manual is an improved capacity of urban water management practitioners to avoid or resolve conflicts between different stakeholder groups. The case study on urine diversion in Sweden has already been used to guide the design of a large-scale housing project with urine diversion toilets. Issues The main issue is that many practitioners involved in urban water management have a predominant technical background. In some cases, this might make it difficult to deal with underlying causes of conflicts between stakeholder groups. Recommendations The training manual needs to be considered as guide for future trainers who should adapt the training curriculum to the background of the trainees, their working environment, and duration of the training programme. The training manual can also be used as a tool for self-study. 2 Facilitating conflict management and decision making in integrated urban water management A resource and training manual Jan Teun Visscher and Joep Verhagen (ed) 1 Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 The urban context in water management..................................................................................... 5 1.2 Integrated Urban Water Management ......................................................................................... 9 2. Collaboration and planning ........................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Enhancing collaboration in IUWM............................................................................................... 11 2.2 The lifecycle of multi stakeholder platforms ............................................................................... 12 2.3 Level of planning and collaboration ............................................................................................ 17 3 Overview of IUWM-related conflicts .................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Megacity Chennai in conflict with surrounding villages, India .................................................... 20 3.2 Water mafia” in Asian cities ........................................................................................................ 21 3.3 Peri-urban water conflicts in São Paulo, Brazil ............................................................................ 23 3.4 Extreme flooding creates impetus for change in England ...................................................... 24 3.5 Management and communication problems in Northern Island ............................................... 25 4 Communication and decision making for conflict reduction ............................................................. 27 4.1 Effective communication ....................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Transparent decision making ...................................................................................................... 30 5. Conflict resolution approaches. ........................................................................................................ 36 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 36 5.2. Conflict perception and response .............................................................................................. 37 5.3 Approaches to conflict management .......................................................................................... 38 5. 4 Approaches involving multiple actors ........................................................................................ 41 6 Learning about facilitating IUWM processes and conflicts ................................................................ 45 References ............................................................................................................................................. 46 A1. Two descriptive case studies and intervention strategies .............................................................. 52 A.1.1: Challenging the use of prepaid meters in South Africa .......................................................... 52 A1.2 Water conflict in metropolitan Cebu, the Philippines .............................................................. 54 Annex 2. The tanneries of Villapinzon, Colombia ................................................................................. 56 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 56 A1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 56 A1.2 Approach ................................................................................................................................... 59 A1.3 Solution ..................................................................................................................................... 59 2 A1.4 Lessons learned and next steps ................................................................................................ 61 References ......................................................................................................................................... 62 Annex 2 Stakeholder conflicts in Kullön Sweden .................................................................................. 64 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 64 A2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 64 A2.2. The story of the conflict – resolving the deadlock ................................................................... 65 A2.3 Experiences from resolving the conflict .................................................................................... 71 References ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Annex 3 Case response sheets .............................................................................................................. 72 A3.1 Case response sheet Villapinzon ............................................................................................... 72 A3.2 Case response sheet Stakeholder conflicts in Kullön Sweden .................................................. 74 3 Preface This publication is developed in the context of the project “Sustainable Water Management Improves Tomorrow´s Cities´ Health” (SWITCH). This is a five years European Union- funded action-research project led by UNESCO-IHE and involving 34 partners from 15 different countries on four different continents. The focus of the SWITCH project is some of the key sustainability challenges in urban water management. In a number of cities around the globe, it set out to test what was needed for a transition to more sustainable urban water management through a combination of demand-led research, demonstration activities, multi-stakeholder learning and training and capacity building. The rationale for this non-conventional mix of activities was that it would encourage more relevant research to be undertaken, and facilitate better use of research findings in decision-making. Winning the engagement of key stakeholders in each city was considered central to making the shift towards more sustainable and coordinated urban water management. This