VOL VII, ISSUE 5 WWW.ANCIENT-WARFARE.COM // KARWANSARAY PUBLISHERS KARWANSARAY // WWW.ANCIENT-WARFARE.COM UK £ 5.75 TRAPPED BEHIND ENEMY LINES The March of the Ten Thousand THEME - RAISING CYRUS’ ARMY // THE TEN THOUSAND PURSUED // CLEARCHUS THE WAR-LOVER SPECIALS - FAR-TRAVELLED ROMAN HORSEMEN IN BRITAIN // A WAR FOR ALEXANDER’S BODY? AW VII.5 nov13.indd 1 11-11-13 18:19 AW VII.5 nov13.indd 2 11-11-13 18:19 Contents THEME - Behind enemy lines March of the Ten Thousand Publisher: Rolof van Hövell tot Westerfl ier Editor in chief: Jasper Oorthuys News & letters Editor: Josho Brouwers 4 Proofreaders: Damien Butler, Arianna Sacco Design & media: Christianne C. Beall Design © 2013 Karwansaray Publishers March of the Ten Thousand 6 Contributors: Lindsay Powell (news), Patrick Baker, Historical introduction Matthew Beazley, Duncan B. Campbell, Sidney E. Dean, Sean Manning, J. Albert Morales, Michael Park, Owen Rees, Stefanos Skarmintzos, Michael J. Taylor. 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On the cover 58 Ancient Warfare VII-5 3 AW VII.5 nov13.indd 3 11-11-13 18:19 News & letters Barracks of Legio VIII Augusta uncovered at Novae, Bulgaria A barrack building, whose rooms of unusually Inside the building, archaeologists found vo- large size are confounding experts, has been lute oil lamps and glass vessels, including pieces found by a team of Polish archaeologists at the of bottles and wine cups. Some of the vessels were site of the Roman legionary fortress of Novae locally manufactured so-called ‘Thracian’ urns at Svishtov on the Danube River. Founded be- with decoration in the form of imprinted rope. tween AD 44 and 69 on the left bank of the The archaeologists also discovered fragments of Danube River in the province of Moesia, No- bronze vessels and other objects, including buck- vae was the Roman military base of Legio VIII les, pieces of armour, chandelier chains, and a Augusta. folding bronze table base in the shape of a pan- “The structure consisted of a series of seg- ther paw. ments of equal sizes,” explained Prof. Piotr “One noteworthy group of objects are surgi- Dyczek from the Antiquity of Southeastern Eu- cal instruments made of bronze,” added Dyczek. rope Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Based on them he speculated that the archaeolo- and head of the expedition. “They consisted of gists could have found the quarters of the legion’s one big and one small room, the dimensions of doctor or his staff. which underwent modifications in the subse- The site has been regularly excavated by Bul- quent phases of the settlement. The barrack was garian and Polish teams since the 1960s. Traces of about 16 metres wide and 42 metres long.” the first-century Roman camp include ramparts of “The dimensions of the larger rooms in the clay and wood, towers and dwellings. Among the barracks we found are very large,” said Dyczek. preserved remains at the site are a headquarters, “A sleeping room should [normally] be about a peristyle building, military hospital, soldiers’ 3 by 3 metres, while in the case of our struc- houses and other religious and secular structures. ture it is 3 by 4.5 metres. This may indicate that There is urgency to documenting the site. To- the legionaries of the unit were afforded more day Novae is endangered by a variety of natural comfort,” he suggested. The rooms may have threats including vegetation, extreme heat, ero- had bunk beds in the corners and there were sion, ground instability and flooding from the wooden shelves in the vestibules. nearby river. ‘Shopping mall’ found at Maryport, Hadrian’s Wall, England The 2013 season of digs at the Roman fort Archaeologists have not yet been able to de- at Maryport and its civilian settlement at the termine what was sold there. However they did far western end of Hadrian’s Wall has re- find a large sharpening stone and many smaller vealed the remains of six buildings and a whet stones used for honing blades and tools. section of road. Geophysical surveys con- Other small finds uncovered from inside the build- ducted by Oxford Archaeology North re- ing include glass beads, remains of mortaria (pots vealed lines of structures likely to be build- for processing food), shards of amphorae (which ings either side of the main street running could have originally contained oil or wine), glass from the north-east gate of the fort. The dig vessels and a spindle whorl. near the Senhouse Roman Museum, over- A yard at the back of the building is surround- seen by the Hadrian’s Wall Trust, has con- ed by a ditch. Several pits have been found which firmed the survey results. archaeologists believe could be latrines or rubbish One of the buildings is believed to have pits, together with three square wells or cisterns been a shop at some point in its history. “The for holding water. Evidence at the site, which ap- reason we think it may have been a shop is pears to date to the second and third centuries AD, the fact there isn’t a stone wall at the end indicated the site was abandoned around AD 250, facing the road,” said Stephen Rowland, the like many settlements along the Roman frontier project manager for Oxford Archaeology zone. Finds from the dig will be displayed at the North. “Instead, there could have been a Senhouse Roman Museum, Maryport beside its booth-like timber frontage, or perhaps dou- collection of altar stones dedicated by the Roman ble doors that have long since rotted away.” commanders of the fort. 4 Ancient Warfare VII-5 AW VII.5 nov13.indd 4 11-11-13 18:19.