Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1967 Cheilostomata of the Gulfian Cretaceous of Southwestern Arkansas. Nolan Gail Shaw Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Shaw, Nolan Gail, "Cheilostomata of the Gulfian Cretaceous of Southwestern Arkansas." (1967). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1266. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1266 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67-8797 SHAW, Nolan Gail, 1929- CHEILOSTOMATA OF THE GULFIAN CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHWESTERN ARKANSAS. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1967 Geology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CHEILOSTOMATA OF THE GULFIAN CRETACEOUS OF SOUTHWESTERN ARKANSAS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geology by Nolan Gail Shaw A.B., Baylor University, 1951 M.S., Southern Methodist University, 1956 January, 1967 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Particular thanks are extended to Dr. Alan H. Cheetham, major professor and research supervisor, for his encourage­ ment and guidance. I am grateful to Dr. C. 0. Durham, Jr. for help with aspects of the stratigraphy of the Arkansas Cretaceous and for constructive criticism of the manuscript, and to Drs. H. V. Howe, C. H. Moore, and A. E. Sandberg, for reading the manuscript. Dr. H. D. Thomas, British Museum (Natural History), and Dr. G. P. Larwood, Department of Geology, University of Durham, England, made preliminary examinations of some of the specimens and suggested tentative identifications which have formed the basis for the present taxonomic study. Thanks are due Mr. Lewis Nichols for photographing the bryozoan specimens and Mr. Jerry Hazen for the prints. Pan American Petroleum Foundation, Inc., provided financial assistance for field work through a fellowship in 1960; Centenary College gave financial assistance during the summer of 1966. ii Finally, I owe my wife, Nancy, appreciation for aid in the field work and encouragement while preparing the manuscript. CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................. ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................... viii ABSTRACT ........................................ X INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION ................................ 4 STRATIGRAPHY............................................. 6 Woodbine-Eagle Ford Groups ............................ 8 Centerpoint Volcanics................................ 8 Austin Group ........................................... 8 Tokio Sandstone.. .................................... 8 Browns town Marl...................................... 9 Taylor Group ........................................... 10 Ozan Formation......................................... 10 Annona Chalk ........................................ 11 Marlbrook M a r l ......................................... 12 Saratoga Chalk ...................................... 13 Navarro Group............................. 14 Nacatoch Sandstone ......................... .... 14 Arkadelphia M a r l ....................................... 15 iv Page PALEOECOLOGY OF ARKANSAS CHEILOSTOMATA ................. 16 STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ARKANSAS CHEILOSTOMATA . 18 CONCLUSIONS. .......... : ..............................22 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS.................................... 28 Order Cheilostomata Busk, 1852 ....................... 28 Suborder Anasca Levinsen, 1909 ..................... 28 Family Electridae Lagaaij, 1952................... 28 Pyripora d'Orbigny, 1849 ....................... 28 Pyripora brownstownensis, new species........... 28 Family Hincksinidae Canu and Bassler, 1927 .... 31 Ellisina Norman, 1903............................ 31 Ellisina saratoqaensis, new species............. 33 Family Calloporidae Norman, 1903 ................. 36 Alderina Norman, 1903............................ 36 Alderina inuber, new species ................. 39 Ramphonotus Norman, 1894 ....................... 41 Ramphonotus pedunculatus, new species........... 43 Solenophragma Marsson, 1887................. 46 Solenophragma elonqatum, new species ........ 49 _r ___ Solenophragma ovatum (Canu and Bassler), 1926. 53 Solenophragma sp................................. 55 v Page Dionella Medd, 1965.............................. 57 Dionella vivistratensis, new species ..... 57 Dionella racemata, new species ............... 62 Family Microporidae Gray, 1848 ................... 65 Micropora Gray, 1848 ............................ 65 Micropora ? sp......................................65 Cheethamia, new genus.............................. 67 Chesthamia howei, new species......................69 Aechmella Canu and Bassler, 1 9 1 7 ....................72 Aechmella ozanensis, new species ............... 74 Suborder Acanthostega Levinsen, 1902 .......... , . 76 Family Pelmatoporidae Lang, 1916 ................. 76 Subfamily Pelmatoporinae Lang, 1916............... 76 Castanopora Lang, 1916 ....................... 76 Castanopora spooneri (Butler and Cheetham), 1958 ...................................... 76 Subfamily Tricephaloporinae Lang, 1922 ........ 81 Tricephalopora Lang, 1916........................ 81 Tricephalopora larwoodi, new species .... 81 Tricephalopora arkansasensis, new species. 86 vi Page Subfamily Diacanthoporinae Lang, 1922........... 88 Diacanthopora Lang, 1922 ..................... 88 Diacanthopora lancri, new species ............. 88 Suborder Ascophora Levinsen, 1909................... 93 Family Hippothoidae Levinsen, 1909 ............... 93 Stictosteqa, new genus ......................... 93 Stictostega durhami, new species ............... 95 Family Porinidae d'Orbigny, 1852 ................. 97 Frurionella Canu and Bassler, 1926 ............. 97 Frurionella parvipora Canu and Bassler, 1926 . 99 Family Exochellidae Bassler, 1935................. 102 Escharoides Milne Edwards, 1836............ 102 Escharoides ? danei, new species ............. 105 Escharoides ? nomas, new species ............. 108 Escharoides ? erymnos, new species ........... 110 Escharoides ? sp................................ 113 REFERENCES................................................ 116 REGISTER OF LOCALITIES ................................... 125 PLATES .....................................................129 VITA .......................................................134 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Following Plate Page I. Alderina inuber, Pyripora brownstownensis, Solenophragma sp., Ramphonotus pedunculatus. 129 II. Dionella vivistratensis, Solenophragma elongatum, Solenophragma o vat urn, Dionella racemata............ 130 III. Ellisina saratogaensis, Aechmella ozanensis, Micropora ? sp. , Cheethamia howei.................. 131 IV. Castanopora spooneri, Tricephalopera larwoodi, Diacanthopora langi, Tricephalopora arkansasen- sis, Escharoides ? erymnos ......................... 132 V. Escharoides ? nomas, Escharoides ? danei, Eschmoides ? sp., Frurionella parvipora, Stictostega durhami.......... 133 FIGURES Figure Page 1. Cretaceous outcrops sampled.........................24 2. Generalized geologic section of exposed Creta­ ceous Formationr in southwest Arkansas and cor­ relation with Europe. (Compiled from Stephenson ej: al., 1942; Larwood, 1962; Shreveport Geologi­ cal Society, 1961) ................................ 25 3. Distribution and abundance of cheilostome Bryozoa in Gulfian rocks of Arkansas ....... 26 viii Figure Page 4. Generic ..ratios of Anasca, Acanthostega, and Ascophora in Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks in Europe and North America.......................... 27 5. Range chart of species of Pyripora .............. 31 6. Range chart of species of Ellisina .............. 37 7. Range chart of species of Alderina ...........42 8. Range chart of species of Ramphonotus............... 47 9. Range chart of species of Solenophragma............. 52 10. Range chart of species of Dionella ............... 61 11. Range chart of species of Micropora (?)............. 68 12. Range chart of species of Cheethamia ............ 73 13. Range chart of species of Aechmella................. 77 — 14. Range chart of species of Castanopora............... 82 15. Range chart of species of Tricephalopora ........ 89 16. Range chart of species of Diacanthopora............. 92 17. Range chart of species of Frurionella.............. 103 18. Range chart of species of Escharoides (?).......... 115 ix ABSTRACT Cheilostome Bryozoa, collected by detailed sampling in Upper Cretaceous (Gulfian) rocks in southwestern Arkansas, were studied taxonomically and compared with their counter­ parts from other North American and European Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks. Many specimens, most of them poorly pre­ served, were found sporadically distributed through the Brownstown, Ozan, Saratoga, and Nacatoch formations, and most abundantly in biostromal pelecypod accumulations. The abundant occurrences seem to represent shoal-water