UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MODERN INNOVATIONS IN AMERICAN TRUMPET MOUTHPIECE DESIGN A DOCUMENT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS By KATHERINE L. KLINEFELTER Norman, Oklahoma 2014 MODERN INNOVATIONS IN AMERICAN TRUMPET MOUTHPIECE DESIGN A DOCUMENT APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC BY ______________________________ Dr. Karl Sievers, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Eldon Matlick ______________________________ Dr. Marvin Lamb ______________________________ Dr. Matthew Stock ______________________________ Dr. Kurt Gramoll © Copyright by KATHERINE L. KLINEFELTER 2014 All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................ viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Study ......................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 1 Definition of Terms .................................................................................................... 2 Rim….. ................................................................................................................. 3 Cup….. ................................................................................................................. 3 Alpha Angle .......................................................................................................... 4 Throat… ............................................................................................................... 5 Backbore ............................................................................................................... 5 Outer Shank .......................................................................................................... 6 Gap….. ................................................................................................................. 6 Overall Length ...................................................................................................... 6 Material ................................................................................................................. 7 Plating. .................................................................................................................. 7 Related Literature ....................................................................................................... 7 Scientific Studies Related to Trumpet Mouthpieces ................................................ 13 The Modern Trumpet Player .................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2: Overview of American Trumpet Mouthpieces ............................................. 19 A Brief History of the Trumpet in America ............................................................. 19 Vincent Bach Mouthpieces ....................................................................................... 21 iv Biography ........................................................................................................... 21 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 27 Renold Schilke .......................................................................................................... 29 Biography ........................................................................................................... 29 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 34 Robert Giardinelli ..................................................................................................... 36 Biography ........................................................................................................... 36 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 38 John Parduba ............................................................................................................ 39 Biography ........................................................................................................... 39 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 40 Bob Reeves ............................................................................................................... 41 Biography ........................................................................................................... 41 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 42 Gary Radtke .............................................................................................................. 43 Biography ........................................................................................................... 43 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 44 David Monette .......................................................................................................... 44 Biography ........................................................................................................... 44 Mouthpiece Design ............................................................................................. 46 Chapter 3: Interviews with Modern Makers ................................................................... 49 Asymmetric Mouthpieces ......................................................................................... 49 Overview of Company ....................................................................................... 49 v Interview ............................................................................................................. 50 Curry Mouthpieces ................................................................................................... 57 Overview of Company ....................................................................................... 57 Interview ............................................................................................................. 59 Pickett Mouthpieces ................................................................................................. 70 Overview of Company ....................................................................................... 70 Interview ............................................................................................................. 70 Warburton Mouthpieces ........................................................................................... 79 Overview of Company ....................................................................................... 79 Interview ............................................................................................................. 80 Wedge Mouthpieces ................................................................................................. 87 Overview of Company ....................................................................................... 87 Interview ............................................................................................................. 87 Chapter 4: Conclusions ................................................................................................. 101 Summary ................................................................................................................. 101 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 109 Further Research ..................................................................................................... 111 Final Thoughts ........................................................................................................ 112 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 113 Books… .................................................................................................................. 113 Articles ................................................................................................................... 113 Dissertations and Theses ........................................................................................ 117 Interviews ............................................................................................................... 118 vi Websites ................................................................................................................. 119 Appendix A: Interview Questionnaire .......................................................................... 120 Appendix B: Glossary of Terms ................................................................................... 121 Appendix C: IRB Approval .......................................................................................... 123 Appendix D: List of Contact Information for Mouthpiece Manufacturers Interviewed in this Study .......................................................................................................... 124