Appendix 5 Environmental and Social Study ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL STUDY FOR THE MAPUTO GAS FIRED POWER PLANT DEVELOPMENT Prepared by: Prepared for: Av. Mártires da Machava, 968 - Maputo Japan International Cooperation Agency Tel: 258 21499636 – Fax: 258 21493019 MAPUTO, FEBRUARY 2013 Environmental and Social Study for the Maputo Gas Fired Power Plant Development Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................... 6 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 10 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT ...................................................................................... 10 1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT ............................................................................................. 10 1.3 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT.............................................................................. 10 1.4 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS........................................................................... 11 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 12 2.1 PHASE 1: DESKTOP STUDIES .................................................................................... 12 2.2 PHASE 2: FIELD SURVEY........................................................................................... 12 2.3 PHASE 3: REPORT..................................................................................................... 12 2.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT .................................. 13 3 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................... 14 3.1 MOZAMBICAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 14 3.2 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ............................................................................. 19 3.3 REQUIREMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE STANDARDS .................................................................... 20 3.4 OTHER REQUIREMENTS........................................................................................... 22 3.5 THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCESS IN MOZAMBIQUE............ 23 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT..................................................................... 28 4.1 PROJECT LOCATION................................................................................................. 28 4.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF CTM................................................................... 28 4.5 PROJECT COMPONENTS: BRIEF DESCRIPTION ........................................................ 29 4.6 SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS ........................................................... 33 4.7 MOBILIZATION OF EQUIPMENT AND RAW MATERIALS DURING CONSTRUCTION. 33 4.8 ELECTRICITY AND WATER SUPPLY ........................................................................... 35 4.9 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND EMISSIONS ................................................................ 36 4.10 PERSONAL................................................................................................................ 36 5 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.................................................................................................. 37 5.1 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE....................................................................................... 37 5.2 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.......................................................................................... 38 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE............................................................................................ 38 6.1 BIOPHYSICAL............................................................................................................ 38 6.1.1 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY............................................................................ 38 Impacto Lda. APP5-1 Environmental and Social Study for the Maputo Gas Fired Power Plant Development 6.1.2 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY..................................................................... 44 6.1.3 TOPOGRAPHY, SOILS AND LAND COVER ............................................................. 45 6.1.4 HYDROLOGY AND GEOHYDROLOGY.................................................................... 45 6.1.5 WATER QUALITY ..................................................................................................... 47 6.1.6 AIR QUALITY......................................................................................................... 49 6.1.7 NOISE ................................................................................................................... 51 6.1.8 FLORA AND HABITATS ......................................................................................... 56 6.1.9 FAUNA AND PROTECTED SPECIES ....................................................................... 58 6.1.10 PROTECTED AREAS AND HIGH ECOLOGICAL VALUE HABITATS....................... 59 6.2 SOCIO-ECONOMICS ................................................................................................. 61 6.2.1 DEMOGRAPHICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION ............................................. 61 6.2.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ........................................................................................ 63 6.2.4 FISHERIES............................................................................................................. 66 6.2.5 INDUSTRY............................................................................................................. 66 6.2.6 INFRASTRUCTURES AND SERVICES...................................................................... 67 6.2.7 HOUSING ............................................................................................................. 68 6.2.8 EDUCATION ......................................................................................................... 68 6.2.9 HEALTH ................................................................................................................ 70 6.2.10 WATER SUPPLY ................................................................................................ 70 6.2.11 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ........................................................................................ 71 6.2.12 SANITATION..................................................................................................... 72 6.2.13 ACCESSIBILITY AND TRANSPORT ..................................................................... 73 6.2.14 LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCES............................................................ 74 6.2.15 SACRED SITES AND CULTURAL AND HISTORIC ASPECT ................................... 76 6.2.16 SETTLEMENT PATTERN.................................................................................... 76 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES........................ 77 7.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 77 7.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY................................................................... 77 7.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO BE ANALYSED DURING IMPACT ASSESSMENT................. 81 7.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ....................................................................................... 81 7.3.1.1 BIOPHYSICAL IMPACTS .................................................................................... 81 7.3.1.2 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS............................................................................. 87 7.3.1.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPACTS............................................. 90 7.3.2 OPERATION PHASE .............................................................................................. 95 Impacto Lda. APP5-2 Environmental and Social Study for the Maputo Gas Fired Power Plant Development 7.3.2.1 BIOPHYSICAL IMPACTS .................................................................................... 95 7.3.2.2 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS........................................................................... 102 7.3.2.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPACTS........................................... 102 7.3.3 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS: CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PHASES................... 103 7.3.4 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE................................................................................... 106 7.7 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS.......................................................................................... 107 8 POTENTIAL “FATAL FLAWS”....................................................................................... 107 9 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT....................................................................................... 107 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN............... 108 11 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... 133 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................... 134 Impacto Lda. APP5-3 Environmental and Social Study for the Maputo Gas Fired Power Plant Development TABLES Table 1: Structure of this report.............................................................................................. 12 Table 2: National Legislation Applicable ................................................................................. 14 Table 3: International