ACT A PAL A EON T 0 LOG ICA POL.ONICA Vol. VII 1962 Nos. 1-2 HALSZKA OSMOLSKA FAMENNIAN AND LOWER CARBONIFEROUS CYRTOSYMBOLINAE (TRILOBITA) FROM THE HOLY CROSS MOUNTAINS, POLAND A bstract. - Famennian and Lower Carboniferous trilobites of the subfamily Cyr­ tosymbolinae (Proetidae) f rom the cephalopod biofacdes of the Holy Cross Mount­ ains (G ory Swietukrzyskie) are describ ed. Of the 51 species d escnloed, 20 are new a nd 26 are identified only at the generic level. The variability and ontogenetic deve lopme nt of the species are investigated. Suggestions on the occurrence of pro etid and phacop id trilobit es in correlati on with the type of lithofacies are made. An attempt is m ad e to base the stratigraphy of Famennian and Lower Carbonife r ous be ds on the trilobi tes here studied. INTRODUCTION The present paper is a study of the trilobite subfamily Cyrtosymbo­ linae Hupe, 1953 (Proetidae Salter, 1864) which occurs in the Famennian and Lower Carboniferous beds of the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Gory Swietokrzyskie). Very few Proetidae have so far been recorded from these beds. Giirich (1901) reported in the Famennian beds at Zaremby and Karczowka the presence of the species Proeius michaZ­ sk ii = ? Perliproeius michaZskii (Gurich, 1901) and (in 1896, 1901) that of DecheneZZa pusiila = CyrtosymboZe (CyrtosymboZe) pusiZZa (Giirich, 1896) in sediments of the same ag e at Psiarnia and Zaremby. ?Per Zi proe­ tus michaZskii has not been found by the writer. Czarnocki (1928) ment­ ions that a species which he defines as "WariboZe ex groupae aequaZis" occurs in Lower Carboniferous beds at Galezice and Zaremby. Kosciel­ niakowska (1959) r ecords two species of Cyrtosymbolinae from the Fam ennian of the northern part of the Hol y Cross Mountains: Drever­ mannia (Drevermannia) schmidti R. Richter, 1913. and D. (Dre vermannia) wzdoZensis n.sp. The latter species is, however, nomen nudum. The pre­ sent paper is the first to describe the assemblag e of Cyrtosymbolinae from the Famennian and Lower Carboniferous of the Hol y Cross Mount­ ains. Over 2000 sp ecimens are considered; they were coll ected between 1948 and 1954 by the late Polish geologist Jan Czarnocki, by Dr Z. Kie­ lan-Jaworowska and the present writer. They com e from the following. '-" "'" 1_0 x_ ..... ~ () e :r: » r­ u: N ~ » o u: s:: o r­ rJl ~ » oTarnobrZf9 Q \0 2,0 .3p 'tD 10 l<. m Fi g. 1. - The map of Holy Cross Mountains (Gory Swietokrzyskie) facial regions. X-X Hol y Cross dislocation, dividing Holy Cro ss Mountains into two reg ions. I nter r upted line - maximal southern extension of Holy Cross fa cies (shale limest one fa cies) of Up per Famennian (af ter J . Czarnocki, 1957). FAMENNIAN AND LOWER CARBONIFEROUS CYRTOSYMBOLINAE 55 . localities (fig. 1): Jablonna - Famennian and Lower Carboniferous, col- lected by Kielan-Jaworowska; Galezice - Famennian and Lower Carboniferous, collected by Kielan-Jaworowska and the writer; Ko­ wala - Famennian and Lower Carboniferous (ditto); Karczowka ­ Famennian and Lower Carboniferous, collected by Czarnocki; Czar­ now - Famennian (ditto); Zaremby - Lower Carboniferous, collected by Ki elan-Jaworowska and the writer; Lagow - Famennian, collected by Kielan-Jaworowska. 10 sp ecies and subspecies have been identified from the Famennian localities m entioned above, of which 7 are described as new forms. Some species, owing to inadequacy of the specimens, could only be doubtfully identified and these have been marked with successive letters of the alphabet, thus: Cyrtosymbole sp. a (comp. table 1), etc. Th e Lower Carboniferous trilobites described include 15 specie s, 13 of which are new (comp. table 1). The writer carried out her r esearch work at the Institute of Palaeozoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw between 1958 and 1961. It was preced ed by studies of the Famennian Phacopidae from the same area (Osmolska, 1958). All .the trilobites here described are the property of the Geological Institute and are deposited in the Museum of the Institute at 4 Rakowiecka street, Warsaw. The writer gratefully acknowledges the help of the following persons: Dr. Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, under whose guidance the work was prepared, has given valuable suggestions, made available her collection of trilobites, and kindly translated into English a part of the Polish text. Professor Dr. R. Kozlowski's encouragement and criticism of the manuscript were very helpful. The authorities of the Geological Institute (Geological Survey) of Poland and Dr. M. Zelichowska, the curator of the Institute's Museum, kindly made available the fossil collections de­ posited in the Institute's Museum. Thanks are also due to British scientists : Dr. W. Dean, Dr. J. Temple, Mr. R. Tripp and Mr. A. Packard for revising the English text and for their critical r emarks. In 1959/60 , thanks to a grant from the Polish Academy of Sciences the writer was able to visit the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt/M. to make comparative studies of the Famennian and Lower Carboniferous trilobites from Poland with specimens descri bed by R. and E. Richter fr om the Rhine Schiefergebirge and Thuringia. In 1961, also on a grant fro m the Polish Academ y of Sciences, the writer visited Leningrad. At the Museum of VSEGEI in Leningrad she examined the collections of Fa mennian trilobites from the Ural and the Mugodzhary Hills, described by Maksimova (195 5), and those of Lo wer Carboniferous trilobites from the Ural, the Kirghiz steppes, Kara-tau, Turkmen, the Kuznetsk and Don etz Basins, and Novaya Zemla , described by Veber (1932, 1933, 1937). Thanks are due to Dr. W. Struve of Frankfurt/M. and Dr. Z. A. Maksi­ mova of Leningrad for making available the fossil collections in the 56 HALSZKA OS MOLSKA museums of these cities and for the courteous assistance during the wri­ ter's visit to Germany and the U.S.S.R.; to Dr. H. Zakowa of the Geolo­ gical Institute, Warsaw, for the use of her unpublished paper, and to Dr. A. Urbanek of the Institute of Palaeozoology of Warsaw University, for his most helpful suggestions on the general problems of evolution. Miss M. Czarnocka kindly took the photographs, Mrs. K. Budzynska made the drawings, and a part of the present work was translated into English by Mrs. J. Humnicka. GEN ER AL PART MATERIAL AND METHODS The Famennian Cyrtosymbolinae described here occur in limestones as exoskeletons, which are mainly represented by undistorted detached cranidia, librigenae and pygidia. These are numerous and the collection totals over 1500 specimens. Young forms, mostly in the meraspis stage predominate, and these allow at least a description of the partial ontogeny of some species. Famennian Cyrtosymbolinae occur only exceptionall y within shales of the uppermost Famennian strata at Ko­ wala, and here they are badly preserved, being compressed, distorted and mo stly without exoskeletons. The Lower Carboniferous Cyrtosym­ bolinae from the same area are encountered almost exclusively in argil­ laceous or siliceous shales. Complete specimens are rare, specimens with exosk eletons being found only in beds of the Gattendorfia zone at Ja­ blonna and Kowala. The greater part of the material , consisting of ap­ prox. 500 specimens, are internal moulds, sometimes external imprints. They provide a clue to the understanding of the outer morphology of the exoskeleton and its ornamentation. Trilobites from the shale beds also are largely distorted and compress ed, with the ex ception of extre­ mely small specimens, which are usually very satisfactorily pr eserved. Lower Carboniferous shales have yi elded many you ng forms, which are described in the chapter on ontogeny (comp. p. 84). The few trilobite specimens obtained from the lower beds of the Pericyclus zone of Ga­ lezice have exoskeletons satisfactorily preserved in limestone lenses occurring within the shales. Needles and Burgess Vibro-Tool were used in the preparation of specimens. TERMINOLOGY The terminology us ed here is mainly that accepted in the Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology (1959). The symbols used for lateral lobes and furrows of the glabella are those introduced by J aanusson (1956): L ­ lobus, S- sulcus. They are numbered from behind forwards. The ACTA PAL AEO NTOLOG ICA POLONI CA. VOL. VII H . 0 5MOLSKA, TB L. I Ta b l e I D istribution of the Cyrtosymbol inae In the Famennian and Lower Carboniferous of the Holy Cross Mountains (Go ry Swietokrzyskie), Poland - I I Locality Jab lonna Kowala Galezice I Czarn6w IKarczowka Zaremby Lagow Remarks I I I I I I I I I. Cyrtosymbole (Cyrtosymbole) gotica R. & E. Richter, II'" also in the Rhine Schiefergebirge 1926. VI 111 111 III ,IV 2. C. (C.) pusilla (Girrich. 1896) . III together with C. (C.) pusilla 3. C. (C .) franconica primit iva n. subsp. Ill? 1Il? 4. C. (C.) franconica nom n. subsp. en masse at Galezice III ? I librigena 5. C. (C .) franco nica 'lnova n. subsp. I 1Il? 2 pygidia 6. C. (C .) cr. fra nconica nova n. subsp. III I cra nidium 7. C. (C .) sp. a. III ? I cranidium 8. C. (C .) sp. b. III ? I cranid ium 9. ?Cyrtosy mbole sp. c. I I VI? 10. C. (Calybote) radiata n. sp, VI? I I. C. (Cal.) ?radiata n. sp. V? V? V? en masse at G alezice, also Rhine 12. C. ( Waribole) conifera R. & E. Richter, 1926. Schiefergebirge, Corn wall? also in the Rhine Schiefergebirge 13. C. ( W.) abruptirhachis R. & E. Richter, 1919. VII 14. C. ( W.) octofera altera n. subsp. VI? 15. C. ( W ) prima n. sp. IV? 16. C. ( W ) secunda n. sp. V? toget her with C. ( W) conifera VI? 17. C. ( W) granulate n. sp. VI? I damaged cranidium 18. C. ( W.) cf. warsteinensis R. & E.