Consolidated General Management Plan for Denali National Park and Preserve 1. Introduction.............................................................................................5 2. Park Purposes and Signifcance................................................................7 Purposes of Park...............................................................................7 Signifcance of Park..........................................................................8 3. Planning History.....................................................................................10 Denali Entrance Area and Road Corridor..................................10 South Denali....................................................................................13 Wilderness Management...............................................................17 4. General Vision........................................................................................21 5. Management Zoning..............................................................................21 Natural Zone...................................................................................21 Historic Zone..................................................................................23 Park Development Zone...............................................................24 Inholdings Special Use Area.........................................................24 Visitor Experience and Resource Protection.............................24 6. Transportation and Access.....................................................................25 Access and Transportation Planning...........................................26 Entrance Area Transportation and Parking................................26 Park Road Management................................................................27 Backcountry Access........................................................................35 North Access...................................................................................43 7. Visitor Facilities and Services.................................................................45 Frontcountry Development: General Vision and Goals...........45 South Denali Development: General Vision and Goals............48 Interpretive Facilities: Major Visitor Centers..............................52 Interpretation..................................................................................56 Accommodations...........................................................................59 Campgrounds.................................................................................60 Backcountry Campsites.................................................................61 Commercial Services and Facilities..............................................61 Information and Fee Stations.......................................................65 Trails.................................................................................................65 Public Use Cabins..........................................................................68 Rest and Picnic Areas....................................................................68 River Access......................................................................................? Gateway Community Planning....................................................68 8. Backcountry Management....................................................................70 General Vision and Goals..............................................................70 Wilderness Management...............................................................70 Commercial Services........................................................................? Communication Facilities..............................................................74 Temporary Facilities.......................................................................74 Cabins..............................................................................................76 9. Subsistence Management.........................................................................................77 Subsistence Resources Commission................................................................78 Subsistence Access..............................................................................................79 Subsistence Management Plan.........................................................................80 10. Resource Management...........................................................................................81 Natural Resources...............................................................................................81 Cultural Resources.............................................................................................90 Research Permits................................................................................................93 11. Park Operations and Management........................................................................94 NPS Operations.................................................................................................94 Administrative Facilities....................................................................................94 Employee Housing.............................................................................................95 Utility Systems....................................................................................................96 Administrative Camps.......................................................................................97 Stafng/Personnel..............................................................................................97 Aviation................................................................................................................97 Other....................................................................................................................97 12. Boundary Changes.................................................................................................98 13. Mitigation..............................................................................................................98 14. Implementation....................................................................................................103 Frontcountry......................................................................................................103 South Denali......................................................................................................105 Backcountry.......................................................................................................106 Appendices................................................................................................................109 Appendix A: Backcountry (Natural Zone) Management Areas.............................109 Appendix B: Frontcountry (Park Development Zone) Management Areas..........112 Appendix C: Road Character.......................................................................................115 Appendix D: Possible RS 2477.....................................................................................122 Appendix E: Wilderness Suitability Review...............................................................123 Appendix F: Backcountry Units and Requirements.................................................125 Appendix G: MMOU....................................................................................................128 Appendix H: Denali Special Regulations...................................................................136 Appendix I: Defnition of “Traditional”.....................................................................138 Appendix J: Monitoring and Mitigation....................................................................139 Appendix K: Minimum Requirement Procedure.....................................................150 Appendix L: Land Protection Plan.............................................................................154 Bibliography of Sources Cited.....................................................................................187 Maps.......................................................................................................195 Map 1: Overview.........................................................................................195 Map 2: Backcountry/Natural Zone Management Areas......................196 Map 3: Entrance Area and Road Corridor Overview............................197 Map 4: Entrance Area Facilities and Zoning..........................................198 Map 5: Headquarters and C-Camp Area Facilities and Zoning..........200 Map 6: East End Trails and Zoning.........................................................201 Map 7: Savage Area Facilities and Zoning..............................................202 Map 8: Teklanika Area Facilities and Zoning.........................................203 Map 9: Toklat Area Facilities and Zoning..............................................204 Map 10: Eielson and Stony.......................................................................205 Map 11: Kantishna and Wonder Lake.....................................................206 Map 12: Stampede Mine Area..................................................................207 Map 13: Windy-Bull River........................................................................208 Map 14: Dunkle Hills...............................................................................209 Map 15: Central Mountaineering Areas..................................................210