Gravitational and Space Research Volume 1, Number 1 October 2013 Publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research ISSN -- PENDING ASGSR EDITORIAL BOARD R. Michael Banish, Ph.D. Elison B. Blancaflor, Ph.D. University of Alabama, Hunstville The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Luis Angel Cubano, Ph.D. Ted A. Bateman, Ph.D. Uni. Central del Caribe University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill Emily M. Holton, Ph.D. John Z. Kiss, Ph.D. Life Sciences - NASA Ames Research Center University of Mississippi Dennis F Kucik, M.D., Ph.D. William J. Landis, Ph.D. University of Alabama at Birmingham The University of Akron Robert C. Morrow, Ph.D. Gloria K. Muday, Ph.D. Orbital Technologies Corp. Wake Forest University Emily M. Holton, Ph.D. John Z. Kiss, Ph.D. Life Sciences - NASA Ames Research Center University of Mississippi Danny Riley, Ph.D. Michael Roberts, Ph.D. Medical College of Wisconsin Space Life Sciences April E. Ronca, Ph.D. Paul W. Todd, Ph.D. Wake Forest University School of Medicine Techshot, Inc. Sarah Wyatt, Ph.D. Ohio University ASGSR PUBLISHING STAFF Editor in Chief: Copy Editor: Publishing Editor: Anna-Lisa Paul, Ph.D. Janet V. Powers Timothy J. Mulkey, Ph.D. University of Florida NASA Research & Education Indiana State University Support Services From the cover: From: “Housing in the Amimal Enclosure Module Spaceflight Hardware Increases Trabecular Bone Mass in Ground-Control Mice.” S.A. Lloyd et al., p. 2. Gravitational and Space Research Editorial Board Editor in Chief: Anna-Lisa Paul, Ph.D. University of Florida E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Plant molecular genetics, gene expression, plant space biology Copy Editor: Publishing Editor: Janet V. Powers Timothy J. Mulkey, Ph.D. NASA Research & Education Support Services Indiana State University E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Gravitation & space biology, informatics Expertise: Plant growth, development, hormones, calcium Associate Editors: R. Michael Banish, Ph.D. Elison B. Blancaflor, Ph.D. University of Alabama, Hunstville The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Chemical and materials engineering Expertise: Cellular & molecular mechanisms; cytoskeleton; ion signaling Luis Angel Cubano, Ph.D. Ted A. Bateman, Ph.D. Uni. Central del Caribe University of North Carolina - Chapel E-Mail: [email protected] Hill E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Cell biology, cytoskeleton, gene expression Expertise: Radiation and bone loss Emily M. Holton, Ph.D. John Z. Kiss, Ph.D. Life Sciences - NASA Ames Research Center University of Mississippi E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Hindlimb unloading, calcium/bone metabolism Expertise: Plant gravitational biology, tropisms, growth and development Dennis F Kucik, M.D., Ph.D. William J. Landis, Ph.D. University of Alabama at Birmingham The University of Akron E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Cell adhesion and integrins, atherosclerosis & immunology Expertise: Bone structure & biochemistry, cartilage & tendon biology Robert C. Morrow, Ph.D. Gloria K. Muday, Ph.D. Orbital Technologies Corp. Wake Forest University E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Space flight hardware; environmental control systems; Expertise: Plant signaling mechanisms, molecular responses environment plant growth; plant disorders Danny Riley, Ph.D. Michael Roberts, Ph.D. Medical College of Wisconsin Space Life Sciences E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Neuromuscular structure & function; spaceflight; Expertise: Reproduction, development, micro- & hyper-gravity vibration injury of tissue Paul W. Todd, Ph.D. Ph.D. April E. Ronca, Techshot, Inc. Wake Forest University School of Medicine E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Low-gravity physics, flight hardware, biotechnology, Expertise: Reproduction, development, micro- & hyper-gravity cell biology, osteogenesis and microbiology. Sarah Wyatt, Ph.D. Ohio University E-Mail: [email protected] Expertise: Plant responses to gravity, genomics/gene expression and proteomics Gravitational and Space Research Volume 1 (1) Oct 2013 -- iii Gravitational and Space Research Instructions to Authors Brief Overview: The journal of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR), Gravitational and Space Research, publishes quality, peer reviewed manuscripts in several categories. Manuscripts should be self- contained, and all conclusions substantiated and supported by results in the form of figures and/or tables. Authors are held to standards of writing (American English) for clarity and material appropriate for the Gravitational and Space Research (GSR) journal. Subject matter can include any topic within the following broad categories: the impact of gravity and changes in the gravity vector on biology, spaceflight research (ISS and Shuttle), satellite payloads, advanced life support, planetary and orbital analog research, suborbital research, parabolic flight, sounding rockets, high altitude balloons, astrobiology, plus hardware development, mechanobiology, and other disciplines exploring the interface of biology and engineering technology. Brief summaries of manuscript types and guidelines for each category are below; detailed instruction s and templates follow. I. Short Communications. Short communications are submissions typically 2 - 3 formatted pages in length (1000 – 2000 words, excluding references). These submissions are to be comprised predominantly of preliminary data for a larger study or a brief report to support work of a larger nature. It may be beyond the scope of these submissions for further experimentation, but a reviewer may request additional explanation of the presented data and hold the authors to appropriate conclusions for those data. II. Methods papers. Methods papers are manuscripts typically 3 - 6 pages in length. These manuscripts are comprised of data and protocols that support flight experiments or ground control experiments, of protocols in support of fundamental studies exploring biological responses to altered gravitational environments, and to biological responses to space and planetary analogs. The manuscripts should contain sufficient detail to enable a reader to replicate the protocol. Reviewers should particularly address shortfalls of detail, validation of protocols, and inconsistencies in any aspect of presentation. Figures may include illustrations of procedures and set-up and should include data that verify the efficacy of the procedures. III. Research papers. Research papers are manuscripts of typically 8 - 15 pages in length and, although there is no strict limitation to size, a reviewer may address extremes of brevity or length as appropriate to conveying the information. These manuscripts present original research of interest to the gravitational and space research community IV. Review articles. Review articles are typically 10 - 15 pages in length. These manuscripts are often solicited from symposium speakers at the annual ASGSR meeting, but they are not limited to those solicitations. Any author may approach the editorial board with a suggestion or request to submit a review article, to be peer-reviewed as any other paper. A review article will be judged principally for accuracy of information and citation and appropriate scope and relevance of the subject of the article. Detailed Instructions: Format The same basic format is used for each type of article. Consult an archived issue of Gravitational and Space Biology, as well as the instructions below, for guidance on formatting, organizing, and preparing references, figures, tables, and legends. An article must have a brief abstract that summarizes the principal conclusions of the paper. Manuscripts are submitted electronically as single column, double spaced Word documents, and figures as separate, individual documents. Details are provided below. iv -- Gravitational and Space Research Volume 1 (1) Oct 2013 Instructions to Authors Arrangement Arrange the manuscript in the following order, with all pages numbered consecutively in the footer of the lower right corner. The last name of the first author should precede each page number. Cover page – In a separate page, include the title, suggested running head (not to exceed 60 characters, including spaces), the full names and affiliations of all authors, and detailed contact information for the Corresponding Author: name, address, e-mail, telephone number. The remaining sections proceed without page breaks Title – Use a descriptive title (not to exceed 200 characters, including spaces). Authors – Provide the complete names and affiliations of all authors; indicate the corresponding author. Abstract – Summarize the principal approach and conclusions of the paper. Abstracts are not to exceed 150 words in Short Communications and 250 words in all others. Body of paper – For Research Papers, the body of the paper should be arranged into subsections for Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. Review Papers should be organized in a manner appropriate to the subject. Methods papers should include a short Introduction and also a Discussion of the application addressing the significance of the method being described. The Short Communication papers are not required to contain subdivisions, other than a short abstract, but may be organized into subsections at the discretion of the authors. References