University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Music Music 2011 SIX JAPANESE GARDENS AND TROIS RIVIÈRES: DELTA: AN ANALYSIS OF KAIJA SAARIAHO’S TWO MAJOR WORKS FOR SOLO PERCUSSION AND ELECTRONICS Bradley Edward Meyer University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Meyer, Bradley Edward, "SIX JAPANESE GARDENS AND TROIS RIVIÈRES: DELTA: AN ANALYSIS OF KAIJA SAARIAHO’S TWO MAJOR WORKS FOR SOLO PERCUSSION AND ELECTRONICS" (2011). Theses and Dissertations--Music. 170. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/170 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Music at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Music by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Bradley Edward Meyer, Student Dr. James B. Campbell, Major Professor Dr. Lance Brunner, Director of Graduate Studies DISSERTATION Bradley Edward Meyer The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 SIX JAPANESE GARDENS AND TROIS RIVIERES: DELTA: AN ANALYSIS OF KAIJA SAARIAHO’S TWO MAJOR WORKS FOR SOLO PERCUSSION AND ELECTRONICS DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in the ' College of Fine Arts at the University of Kentucky By Bradley Edward Meyer Lexington, Kentucky Director: James B. Campbell, Professor of Percussion Studies Lexington, Kentucky 2011 Copyright © Bradley Edward Meyer 2011 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Bradley Edward Meyer The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2011 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION SIX JAPANESE GARDENS NND TROIS RIVIERES: DELTA: AN ANALYSIS OF KAIJA SAARIAHO’S TWO MAJOR WORKS FOR SOLO PERCUSSION AND ELECTRONICS Music for solo multiple-percussion (“multi-percussion”) has been rapidly developing in terms of quantity of and creativity exhibited within works since this genre was established in the late 1950s. It is important to underscore, analyze, and question the music of composers who have helped further multi-percussion towards the highest level of musical excellence possible as the genre continues to expand and mature. Finnish- born composer Kaija Saairaho has achieved international fame and success with her acoustic, electronic, and electro-acoustic (the simultaneous combination of electronic and acoustic elements) compositions. She has a large body of musical works, including two compositions for solo percussionist with electronics. Six Japanese Gardens and Trois Rivieres: Delta. Through research and analysis of these two works, this study will provide clarity on the complexities the modem percussionist must conjfront by offering information on the pieces’ methodology and background, as well as optional solutions to performance issues. ICEYWORDS: Kaija Saariaho, Mulitple-Percussion Solo, Six Japanese Gardens, Trois Rivieres: Delta, Analysis Date SIX JAPANESE GARDENS AND TROIS RIVIERES: DELTA: AN ANALYSIS OF KAIJA SAARIAHO’S TWO MAJOR WORKS FOR SOLO PERCUSSION AND ELECTRONICS By Bradley E. Meyer ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks need to be given. First, I must recognize my committee chair, James B. Campbell, who has been a great mentor and friend. Secondly, I want to thank the other members of my committee, John Cody Birdwell, Dorma Lee Kwon, and Alan D. DeSantis, for helping me prepare the following document and for guiding me in my doctoral studies. Next, I would like to acknowledge the countless instructors, teachers, friends, and colleagues who have contributed to my musical and personal growth. Finally, I want to thank my family, especially my lovely and patient wife Becca Meyer, who has stood with me throughout my education. My family has supported me throughout my life and I hope I have and will do the same for them. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................... vii Chapters 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................... I 2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF MULTI-PERCUSSION MUSIC.......................5 Solo Multi-Percussion Timeline...................................................11 3. A BRIEF HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC/ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC MUSIC....................................................................................... 19 4. KAIJA SAARIAHO................................................................................ 29 5. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES..............................................................34 6. SIX JAPANESE GARDENS..................................................................... 38 General Information.....................................................................38 “Movement I - Tenju-an Garden of Nanzen-ji Temple”..........44 Analysis............................................................................44 Logistical Concerns......................................................... 47 “Movement II - Many Pleasures (Garden of the Kinkaku-ji)”.. 48 Analysis............................................................................48 Logistical Concerns..........................................................51 “Movement III - Dry Mountain Stream”.................................... 54 Analysis.......................................................................... 54 Logistical Concerns..........................................................57 “Movement IV - Rock Garden of Ryoan-ji”.............................. 60 Analysis.......................................................................... 60 Logistical Concerns..........................................................63 “Movement V - Moss Garden of the Saiho-ji”.......................... 66 Analysis............................................................................66 Logistical Concerns..........................................................68 “Movement VI - Stone Bridges”.................................................70 Analysis.......................................................................... 70 Logistical Concerns..........................................................72 7. TROIS RIVIMeS: DELTA...................................................................... 75 General Information.....................................................................75 “Movement I”...............................................................................81 IV Analysis.......................................................................... 81 Logistical Concerns..........................................................87 “Movement II”........................................................................... 88 Analysis............................................................................88 Logistical Concerns..........................................................90 “Movement III”............................................................................94 Analysis.......................................................................... 94 Logistical Concerns........................................................104 8. CONCLUSION.................................................................................... 110 9. PROGRAM NOTES............................................................................ 112 Appendices A. COMPILATION OF ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC PERCUSSION SOLOS..............................................................137 B. KAIJA SAARIAHO’S WORKS LIST..................................................145 C. KAIJA SAARIAHO’S DISCOGRAPHY..............................................I6I D. EMAIL CORRESPONDENCE - KAIJA SAARIAHO.......................158 E. EMAIL CORRESPONDENCE - PROFESSOR JONATHAN CHAVES....................................................................................166