Notes These notes have been kept brief. Wherever possible they simply give page references to the works listed in the Bibliography. See the Biblio­ graphy, too, for abbreviations used in these notes. References to SPP throughout the book are by page number in parentheses in the text, thus: (p. 234). Poems referred to are in, and all quotations are from, SPP unless otherwise indicated. References in parentheses thus (234) are to line numbers within poems under discussion. References to Letters are by volume and page, also in parentheses in the text, thus: (ii 234). 1: THE CASE OF SHELLEY 1. Pottle, 604. 2. The pre-eminent names are those of Carl Grabo, Newman Ivey White, Kenneth Neill Cameron, D. H. Reiman, Earl R. Wasserman, G. M. Matthews, and more recently Stuart Curran, Timothy Webb and Kelvin Everest. 3. For example The Keats-Shelley Review, the bulletin of the Keats-Shelley Memorial Association, published in Britain as a smaller counter­ part to the Journal, which is produced by the Keats-Shelley Associ­ ation of America; and The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts, now approaching twenty volumes. 4. For good accounts of the reasons see Curran, 1985, 598-606, and PS, xii-xxxi. SPP is the best selection by far; Timothy Webb's Everyman selection (1977), is also very good for the poetry. PS is the first volume of a new three-volume complete edition of the poems now in preparation; PW is for now still the only complete edition of the poems. The first volume of a new complete edition of the prose edited by E. B. Murray appeared too late, unfortu­ nately, to be used in this book. The edition used here is Works, v-vii. 5. Pottle, 608. 6. Blank, 245. 7. Holmes, 1992, 19. 8. Blank, 5. 9. Leavis, 1936, 206, 219, 222. 10. Leavis, 1936, 216. 11. Ibid. 12. Everest, 1983, xi. 13. Allott, 7. 14. Donoghue, 12. 15. Arnold, ix 237, xi 317, 327. See n. 38. 16. McFarland, 694. 17. O'Neill, 2. 247 248 Notes 18. Murdoch, 1970, 59. 19. For Coleridge see Reiman, 1972, 771-2, 775-6. 20. For Hunt see Reiman, 1972, 445, 447. 21. For Lockhart see Reiman, 1972, 104, 110. 22. For Walker see Reiman, 1972, 780-6. 23. See-especially his Essay on the Principles of Human Action: Being An Argument in favour of the Natural Disinterestedness of the Human Mind (1805), Hazlitt, i 1-49. 24. This over-compressed account of some key features of Hazlitt's thought draws on the Essay; on Hazlitt's essays on Bentham, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and Scott in The Spirit of the Age (1825) in Hazlitt, xi 5-95; on his Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth (1820), in Hazlitt, vi 175 ff.; and on various of his other writings on poetry, drama and the novel. See also Bromwich, 1983, chapters I and IV, and passim; this and Roy Park's are much the best books on Hazlitt's thought. For a deeply pen­ etrating account of the Hazlittean as opposed to the Coleridgean mode of critical thought, an account which goes well beyond the thought of Hazlitt and Coleridge themselves, and one to which I am very much indebted in this chapter, see Bromwich, 1989, chapter 15, "Literature and Theory". 25. Hazlitt, xi 72, 25. 26. Hazlitt, xii 251. 27. ibid. 28. Originally entitled "Table Talk" in The London Magazine ("Baldwin's"), April 1821. Hazlitt printed the essay under its present title in his The Plain Speaker: Opinions on Books, Men and Things (1826): Hazlitt, xii" 242-52. 29. Hazlitt, xii 246-7. 30. Hazlitt, xii 245-6. 31. First published in Table-Talk; or, Original Essays, 2 vols., 1821-2; Hazlitt, viii 146-56. 32. Hazlitt, viii 146. 33. Hazlitt, viii 148-50. 34. First published in The Edinburgh Review, July 1824; Hazlitt, xvi 265-84. The quotations in this paragraph are from 267-9. 35. Hazlitt, viii 265-6. 36. Quotations in this paragraph from Hazlitt, viii 270-80. 37. The essay was first published in The Nineteenth Century, January 1888, and in Essays in Criticism, Second Series (1888); Arnold, xi 305-27. For quotations from the essay in this paragraph see 320, 324, 327. 38. From the preface to Arnold's Poetry of Byron (1881), which later also appeared in Essays in Criticism, Second Series; Arnold, ix 218. The famous phrase about the angel first appeared in this essay (ix 237); in the Shelley essay (xi 327) Arnold is quoting himself. 39. Carlyle, 1923, 292, from a letter to Robert Browning of 8 March 1852; and 1972 (original edition 1881), 354. 40. Patmore, 93. Notes 249 41. Stephen, iii 78, 91-2. 42. Robertson, 235. 43. Kinnear, 325, identified as the author in Houghton, i 744. Kinnear reviewed several recent memoirs of Shelley, concluding that on the whole he had not been well served by his biographers (289). 44. For the quotations, and more on the "ethical imagination", see Bab­ bitt, 161, 202-3, 224, 291, 360-1. 45. All quotations from More, 170-3. 46. Eliot, 1975, 48. From "Hamlet" (1919). 47. Eliot, 1975, 41, 43-4. From "Tradition and the Individual Talent" (1919). 48. Eliot, 1975, 64-5. From "The Metaphysical Poets" (1921). 49. From "The Social Function of Poetry", Eliot, 1957, 17. 50. For all quotations down to the ones referred to in the next note see Eliot, 1933, 89-99. 51. Quotations in this sentence are from Eliot, 1975, 65. 52. See, for example, Bateson, chapters 3 and 11; Blackmur, 51; Brooks, 1948, 58, 230-1, 237-8 and 1949, 1, 166; Ransom, 137-8; Richards, 249-50; Wilson, 20. 53. Hulme, 134; see also 10-11. 54. Empson, 184, 190. 55. Winters, 50-1. 56. Brooks, 1949, 58. 57. All the quotations in this paragraph except for the one referred to in the next note are from Leavis, 1936; see 203, 204, 206, 210, 211, 214, 216, 220, 237. 58. Wellek, 382; Leavis, 1937, 69. 59. From the essay "The Unliteral Imagination; Or, I, Too, Dislike It" (1965): Tate, 1968, 455. 60. The remaining quotations in this paragraph are from the essay "Three Types of Poetry" (1934): Tate, 1970, 92-4. The quotation from Yeats is from his essay "Emotion of Multitude" (1903): Yeats, 215. 61. O'Neill, 1-2. 62. Norman, 143-4. 63. White, 1972, ii 450. 64. White, 1972, ii 111. 65. Browning, 1972, 82, 85-6. 66. See Engelberg, "Introduction", ix-xii. 67. See Webb, 1977, chapter 1, "Angels and Critics". 68. Lewes, 313, 316, 321. 69. Blind, 87. 70. Todhunter, 9. 71. Aveling and Aveling, 5. Eleanor Marx Aveling was the daughter of Karl Marx. 72. Shaw, xxix, 258, 249. The essay in which these remarks appear was first published in The Albemarle Review, September 1892. 73. Foot, 13. 74. Cameron, 1951, 37, 240. 250 Notes 75. Grabo, 1936, viii. For a representative selection from the many sys- tems-of-ideas studies referred to in this paragraph see Baker, Barnard, Barrell, Hughes, King-Hele, Kurtz, Rogers, Stovall, Weaver. 76. Pulos, 110-1. 77. Matthews, 1957, 192. 78. Wasserman, ix, 307. 79. "Shelley's symbolic universe will be fully elucidated only after scholars have examined dozens of key words in various contexts in his poetry (and prose) and have then studied the associations of these same words in the philosophical, religious and literary writings that are known to have impressed Shelley": Reiman, 1965, 11. 80. Everest, 1993, 243. 81. Reiman, 1972, 627; White, 1938, 231. 82. Reiman, 1972, 629. 83. Coleridge, 1956-71, vi 849-50; from a letter of December 1830 in which Coleridge was contrasting the reception he would have afforded Shelley in 1811-2 with that which Southey actually did afford him. 84. Swinburne, 1925-7, v 380. The essay was first published in The Fortnightly Review, 1 May 1869. 85. Todhunter, 22. 86. Elton, ii 200. 87. Santayana, 180. 88. Yeats, 66. 89. Yeats, 87. 90. Yeats, 294. From the essay "Discoveries" (1906). 91. Lewis, 29-30. 92. Knight, 256, 189, 247. 93. Fogle, 1949, 59, 225; 1952, 27. 94. Butter, 241, 59, 57. 95. Wilson, 18-19, 38-9. 96. Rieger, 193, 215. 97. Wilson, 39; Rieger, 209-10, 274-80. 98. Bloom, 1966, xxxvi, xliv. 99. Bloom, 1959, passim. 100. Bloom, 1959, 36. 101. Wordsworth, Christopher, ii 474. 102. Gosse, 200. 103. Saintsbury, iii 102-16. 104. Davie, 133-59. 105. de Man, 40, 65, 69. 106. Tetreault, 1991, 18, 33. 107. Rajan, 86. 108. Tetreault, 1987, 16. 109. Hogle, viii, 10. 110. Cronin, 76: 111. Davie, 157. 112. Keach, 2, 78. 113. Empson, 190-1. Notes 251 114. Keach, 116, and chapter III, passim. 115. Leighton, 1984, vii. 116. Leighton, 1984, 106. 117. O'Neill, 3-5. 118. O'Neill, 7-8. 119. O'Neill, 35-6. 120. O'Neill, 1. 121. Here I must record again my indebtedness to the work of David Bromwich, especially the chapter entitled "Literature and Theory" in Bromwich, 1989. See n. 24 above. 122. Gaita, 39-40, 277, 309-10; and see chapters 3 ("Mortal Men and rational Beings"), 4 ("Remorse and its Lessons"), 12 ("Ethical Other- Worldliness") and 15 ("Moral Understanding"), passim. 123. Murdoch, 1970, 22, 34, 59, 71, 77 and passsim; 1956, 34, 39, 49, 54-6 and passim; 1983, 46 and passim. 124. Diamond, 1983, 162-3. 125. Murdoch, 1983, 46. 126. Murdoch, 1983, 49; Diamond, 1988, 261. 127. Diamond, 1988, 270. 128. Diamond, 1988, 263-70. 129. Diamond, 1991, 294-307. 130. See Nussbaum, 1986, 13, 15-16, 45, 69, 300-1, 307, 364, and Parts I and III, passim; and also 1990, chapters 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6.