LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY Of 1LLI NOIS t> 570.5 ILL V.\7 ~3 Cop. 2. •mmm H!SiOR> Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library OCT 2 2 L952 1953 1—H41 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XVII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/microthyriaceae172stev ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2 Vol. XVII No. Published by the University of Illinois Under the Auspices of the Graduate School Urbana, Illinois EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Harley Jones Van Cleave UNIVCRSIT °" 1000—8-39—16660 °%»e"s THE MICROTHYRIACEAE BY Frank Lincoln Stevens AND Sister Mary Hilaire Ryan, O.P. THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS URBANA 1939 t>p««-> PREFACE For a number of years prior to his death, which occurred on the sixteenth day of August, 1934, Dr. Frank Lincoln Stevens, Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Illinois, was engaged in an intensive study of the Microthyriaceae, parasitic fungi which infest the leaves of tropical and sub-tropical plants. Because of frequent attacks of angina pectoris, Dr. Stevens feared he might not live to complete his manuscript. It was then that he requested the writer to finish his work in the event of his untimely death. Such a request from this eminent scientist, to whom the writer was greatly indebted, could not be refused, especially since she hoped that God would spare him to complete his task. Three months after Dr. Stevens' death, the manuscript arrived at Rosary College. A note from Mrs. Stevens said that she had found the memorandum of the above request among her husband's papers. It has been a pleasure and a privilege to carry on the work of our beloved Dr. Stevens. For Dr. Stevens and for myself, I offer our many friends hearty thanks for the valuable encouragement and assistance given in the prepa- ration of this monograph. I desire to acknowledge the cooperation and helpful citicism of Dr. L. R. Tehon of the Illinois State Natural History Survey, who has critically read the entire manuscript. Grateful acknowl- edgment is also made to Dr. John T. Buchholz, Professor of Botany in the University of Illinois, to Sister Mary Aquinas and Sister Mary Josephine of Rosary College, for their sympathetic insight and friendly suggestions, and to Miss Helen Checkowicz for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. I am also under obligation to Sister Mary Timothea who read the proof. Sister Mary Hilaire Ryan, O.P. Rosary College, River Forest, Illinois CONTENTS Alphabetical List of Valid Genera . 8 Introduction 9 Key to Genera 10 Description of Genera and Species 13 Bibliography 101 List of Excluded Species 105 Host Index by Families 108 Species Index 123 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VALID GENERA Actinomyxa 28 Lembosina 32 Aphanopeltis 39 Lembosiopsis 82 Asterina 47 Micropeltopsis 31 Asterinella 73 Microthyriolum 16 Asteromyxa 72 Microthyrium 17 Aulographella 31 Morenoella 92 Aulographum 83 Morenoina 32 Beelia 81 Mycolangloisia 36 Caenothyrium 27 Myiocopron 13 Calopeltis 16 Niesslella 22 Calothyriella 34 Parasterina 39 Calothyriopeltis 35 Peltella 15 Calothyrium 36 Phragmothyrium 28 Campoa 33 Platypeltella 82 Caudella 35 Polythyrium 76 Chaetothyriopsis 16 Prillieuxina 77 Cirsosia 86 Ptychopeltis 83 Cirsosiella 86 Pycnoderma 34 Clypeolella 46 Pycnopeltis 33 Clypeolina 76 Scutellum 26 Echidnodella 98 Seynesia 22 Echidnodes 96 Seynesiopeltis 26 Englera 45 Stegothyrium 35 Englerulaster 44 Stephanotheca 34 Halbania 27 Halbaniella 81 Symphaster 100 Kriegeriella 81 Thallochaete 73 Lembosia 87 Thyrosoma 33 Lembosidium 31 Trichasterina 47 Lembosiella 82 Yatesula 82 INTRODUCTION The first description of the family Microthyriaceae is given by Saccardo (46)* in 1886. It reads, "simple perithecia superficial, black, membranous to carbonaceous, dimidiate, flattened, context nearly always radiate." This description is entirely accurate, the characters easily recognizable and firmly established. Saccardo placed this family in the Dothideales. Von Hohnel places it in the Perisporiales. Under the latter's leadership critical investigations have been undertaken resulting in a complete evolution in the taxonomy of the group. Chronologically the following five steps are noteworthy: 1913: Theissen and Sydow (76) created a new order, the Hemis- pheriales, for genera having a superficial, halbert to shield-shaped perithecium. 1915: Atkinson (7) considered the family represented reduced forms derived on the one hand from the Phacidiales, and on the other, perhaps, from the Sphaeriales. He did not definitely place it. the Pyrenomycetes. He 1918: Arnaud (1 ) said the family belonged to gave as his reason the fact that the asci are localized in particular zones formed by the gelatinization of the sterile cells of the cavity. 1920: Doidge (14), and Ryan (43) three years later, accepted Theissen and Sydow's classification in their taxonomic work. 1931: Clements and Shear (12) created the order Microthyriales. Such differences as these indicate the development that has occurred since 1886. This monograph is an effort to bring together the descriptions of genera and species, the record of the host plants, and the citations of original descriptions, so that future taxonomic work may be done more readily. In preparing this work all data given in the publications listed in the bibliography have been utilized, as well as data from other periodicals in which only one or more species were described. Sources of these scattered data may be found in the citations following specific names of the individual species. They are not included in the bibliography. *Numbers in parentheses following names of authors refer to items in the bibliography. 10 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS KEY TO GENERA A. No free mycelium Subfamily Microthyreae Sacc. and Syd. I. Hymenium simple: a. Ascomata rounded: 1. Spores 1-celled, hyaline: Paraphyses present 1. Myiocopron Paraphyses lacking 2. Peltella 2. Spores 2-celled: (a) Spores hyaline: Ascomata setose 3. Chaetothyriopsis Ascomata glabrous: Ascomata grown together 4. Calopeltis Ascomata solitary: Astomate 5. Microthyriolum Stomate: Ostiole a pore 6. Microthyrium Ostiole stellate 7. Niesslella (e) Spores dark: Ascomata smooth 8. Seynesia Ascomata setose 9. Seynesiopeltis 3. Spores 3- or 4-celled: (a) Spores brown: Cells approximately equal 10. Scutellum Midde cells larger 11. Halbania (b) Spores hyaline: Peristomal setae present 12. Caenothyrium Setae lacking: Scutellum dissolving 13. Actinomyxa Scutellum persistent: Not lichenicole 14. Phragmothyrium Lichenicole IS. Micropeltopsis b. Ascomata linear: 1. Spores 2-celled: (a) Spores hyaline: Paraphyses present 16. Lembosidium Paraphyses lacking 17. Aulographella (b) Spores dark: Paraphyses present 18. Lembosina Paraphyses lacking 19. Morenoina II. Several hymenia in each ascoma: 1. Spores 2-celled, hyaline: Paraphyses lacking 20. Thyrosoma Paraphyses present 21. Campoa 2. Spores many-celled, dark 22. Pycnopeltis 3. Spores muriform: Asci single in peripheral zone 23. Stephanotheca Asci not in a peripheral zone 24. Pycnoderma MICROTHYRIACEAE—STEVENS AND RYAN 11 B. Free mycelium present, not membranous. .Subfamily Asterineac Sacc. and Syd. I. Hymenium simple: a. Ascomata rounded: 1. Spores 1-celled: (a) Spores hyaline: Paraphyses present 25. Calothy riella Paraphyses lacking 26. Stegothyrium (b) Spores dark 27. Calothyriopeltis 2. Spores 2-celled: (a) Spores hyaline: Spores caudate, hyphopodia present 28. Caudella Spores not caudate, hyphopodia lacking: Ascomata setose 29. Mycolangloisia Ascomata not setose: Paraphyses present, not mucose 30. Calothyrium Paraphyses present, mucose 31. Aphanopeltis (b) Spores dark: Hyphopodia present: Paraphyses present: Ascomata not mucose-dissolving 32. Parasterina Ascomata mucose-dissolving 33. Englerulaster Paraphyses lacking: Ascomata mucose-diffluent 34. Englera Ascomata not mucose-diffluent Mycelial conidia 4-celled, astomate. 35. Clypeolella Mycelial conidia not 4-celled: Mycelium setose 36. Trichasterina Mycelium not setose 37. Asterina Hyphopodia lacking: Ascomata setose, mucose-encrusted: Paraphyses lacking 38. Asteromyxa Ascomata glabrous, not encrusted: Mycelium setose 39. Thallochaete Mycelium not setose: Paraphyses present: Paraphyses not gelatinous 40. Asterinella Paraphyses gelatinous 41. Polythyrium Paraphyses lacking: Conidia 4-celled 42. Clypeolina Conidia not 4-celled 43. Prillieuxina 3. Spores several-celled: (a) Spores hyaline: Paraphyses present 44. Halbaniella Paraphyses lacking 45. Beelia (b) Spores dark: Paraphyses lacking 46. Kriegeriella Paraphysate nodel cells present 47. Platypeltella 4. Spores muriform, reddish 48. Yatesula 12 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS I. Hymenium simple (continued) b. Ascomata linear: 1. Spores 1-celled, dark 49. Lembosiella 2. Spores 2-celled: (a) Spores hyaline, hyphopodia none: Paraphyses present: Paraphyses simple SO. Lembosiopsis Paraphyses branched 51. Ptychopeltis Paraphyses lacking 52. Aulographum (b) Spores dark: Hyphopodia present: Hyphopodia intercalary: Paraphyses present 53. Cirsosia Paraphyses lacking 54. Cirsosiella Hyphopodia not intercalary: Paraphyses present 55. Lembosia Paraphyses lacking 56. Morenoella Hyphopodia lacking: Paraphyses present 57. Echidnodes Paraphyses lacking 58. Echidnodella II. Hymenium with one ascus: a. Spores 2-celled, dark 59. Symphaster MICROTHYRIACEAE—STEVENS AND RYAN 13