Environmental Impacts of Petroleum Production: Initial Results from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4260 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTION: INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE OSAGE-SKIATOOK PETROLEUM ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SITES, OSAGE COUNTY, OKLAHOMA U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS REPORT 03-4260 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Department of Energy National Petroleum Technology Office Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTION: INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE OSAGE-SKIATOOK PETROLEUM ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SITES, OSAGE COUNTY, OKLAHOMA Yousif K. Kharaka and James K. Otton, editors U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS REPORT 03-4260 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Department of Energy National Petroleum Technology Office Menlo Park, California 2003 ii U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director For Additional Information Copies of this report may be Write to: obtained from the authors or Yousif K. Kharaka U.S. Geological Survey U. S. Geological Survey, MS 427 Information Center 345 Middlefield Road Box 25286, MS 517 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Denver Federal Center Mail: [email protected] Denver, CO 80225 More current information about the OSPER "A" and "B" sites is available at: http://ok.water.usgs.gov/skiatook/ iii Contents Page Introduction and Summary By Yousif K. Kharaka and James K. Otton............................................................................... 1 Abstract................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 2 OSPER “A” and “B” Sites.................................................................................................... 4 Scientific Approach .............................................................................................................. 6 Initial Summary Results........................................................................................................ 8 Future Plans .......................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. 11 References........................................................................................................................... 11 Produced Water and Hydrocarbon Releases at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma: Introduction and Geologic Setting By James K. Otton and Robert A. Zielinski ............................................................................ 14 Abstract............................................................................................................................... 14 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 15 “A” Research Site ............................................................................................................... 16 Lease History .................................................................................................................. 23 Geology of the “A” Site.................................................................................................. 23 Hydrology ....................................................................................................................... 30 “B” Research Site ............................................................................................................... 31 Lease History .................................................................................................................. 34 Geology of the “B” Site .................................................................................................. 35 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 40 References........................................................................................................................... 41 Preliminary Geophysical Characterization of Two Oil Production Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma – Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Project By Bruce D. Smith, Robert J. Bisdorf, Robert J. Horton, James K. Otton, and Ray S. Hutton ................................................................................................................... 42 Abstract............................................................................................................................... 42 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 42 Methods............................................................................................................................... 43 Geophysical Surveys at Site A............................................................................................ 43 DC Resistivity Soundings............................................................................................... 43 EM31 Survey .................................................................................................................. 46 Geophysical Surveys at Site B............................................................................................ 46 DC Resistivity Survey..................................................................................................... 46 EM31 Survey .................................................................................................................. 49 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 54 References........................................................................................................................... 54 iv Contents--continued Page The Fate of Inorganic and Organic Chemicals in Produced Water from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma By Yousif K. Kharaka, James J. Thordsen, Evangelos Kakouros, and Marvin M. Abbott..... 56 Abstract............................................................................................................................... 56 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 57 OSPER Sites ....................................................................................................................... 58 Methods and Procedures..................................................................................................... 62 Laboratory Measurements .............................................................................................. 62 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................................... 62 OSPER “A” Site ............................................................................................................. 73 OSPER “B” Site.............................................................................................................. 77 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................................. 81 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. 81 References........................................................................................................................... 82 The Fate of Petroleum and Other Organics Associated with Produced Water from the Osage- Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma By E. Michael Godsy, Frances D. Hostettler, Ean Warren, V. Vincenzo Paganelli, and Yousif K. Kharaka............................................................................................................ 84 Abstract............................................................................................................................... 84 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 84 Materials and Methods........................................................................................................ 87 Microbial Number Determinations................................................................................. 87 Core Sample Collection .................................................................................................. 87 Water Sample Collection and Analysis .......................................................................... 88 Production Oil Sample Collection .................................................................................. 88 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................................... 91 Microbial Populations....................................................................................................