Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1975 Effects of an Instructional Program in General Semantics and Its Implication for Improving Organizational Climate in a Selected Hospital. Bobby Eugene Wooten Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Wooten, Bobby Eugene, "Effects of an Instructional Program in General Semantics and Its Implication for Improving Organizational Climate in a Selected Hospital." (1975). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2903. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2903 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. 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Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46106 EFFECTS OF AS INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAM IN GENERAL SEMANTICS ARP ITS IMPLICATION FOR IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE IK A SELECTED HOSPITAL A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Management by Bobby Eugene Wooten B.B.A., Lamar University, 1956 M.B.A., Lamar University, 1971 December, 1975 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to many people for help provided in preparing this research. To all of them, I express sincere appreciation. In particular, I would like to express special homage to the following people: Dr. Raymond V. Lesikar, Chairman of my committee, major professor, and boss, for his unstinting guidance and understanding; Drs. Leon C. Megglnson, Eugene C. McCann, 0. Jeff Harris, and Vera K. Andreasen, for their advice and recommendations; Jeanie LaFloor for her skill, unending patience, and conscientiousness as my typist; Mr. Willie C. Magness, Mrs. Ruby Coffin, and the other Orange Hospital personnel without whose cooperation this study could not have been completed; Dr. B. R. Farthing, who worked dllllgently with me through­ out the entire project interpreting page after page of data; To my mother and father-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. G. F. Westberry, who provided moral help; To my parents whose guidance has always been appreciated and who provided confidence when needed most; Finally, to my wife, whose personal sacrifices, love and understanding provided the inspiration and encouragement to allow completion of this project. To her, special thanks. li It Is my hope that this report will contribute In some Bmall way to the philosophy and practice of human communication. Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................. ii LIST OF T A B L E S ................................................. vi ABSTRACT......................................................... viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY ........................ 1 The Field of Investigation ............................ 2 The Hawthorne Studies ................................ 3 The Formulation of General Semantics .................. 8 An Emerging Concept ................................... 12 Objectives of the Research............................ 19 Scope and Limitations of the Study .......... 24 II. THE TRAINING M E T H O D O L O G Y ........................ 26 Classroom P r o c e d u r e .......... 27 Lecture Design ...................... 28 Review of Lecture References .......................... 28 Role Playing D e s i g n .............................. 31 Student Testing Procedure . 32 Class Structure Procedure ............................ 34 III. THE RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN ................ 36 The Semantic Differential ............................ 36 Selection of Semantic Differential Scales ............ 37 Pre-test at Our Lady of the Lake H o s p i t a l ............ 39 First Pre-test......................................... 39 Results of the First Pre-test .................. 41 Revised Questionnaire Form ............................ 42 Pre-test at Doctors Memorial Hospital ................ 42 Results of the Second Pre-test ........................ 43 Questionnaire Recommendation .......................... 43 IV. DATA EVALUATION AND INTERPRETATION.............. 45 The Variable Column . .......... 47 The Means Column ...................................... 47 The Probability of F C o l u m n .......................... 48 iv Analysis of Results................................... 49 Level of Hypotheses T e s ting...................... 50 The First Hypothesis ................................. 51 The Second Hypothesis ................................. 54 The Third Hypothesis ................................. 57 Summary...................... 59 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................ 63 Conclusions........................................... 63 Recommendations .............. 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................. 67 APPENDIX A. Hospital Subordinate Questionnaire ............. 76 APPENDIX B. Preliminary Questionnaire ....................... 81 APPENDIX C. Class Activity Log ............................. 86 VITA ......................................................... 95 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page I. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number One Using Before Course S c o r e s............ 52 II. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number One Using Immediately After Course S c o r e s ................................ 53 III. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number One Using One Month After Course S c o r e s ........................................ 53 IV. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number Two Using Before Course Scores ........................ 54 V. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number Two Using Immediately After Course S c o r e s ............ 55 VI. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number Two Using One Month After Course S c o r e s ........................................ 56 VII. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number Three Using Before Course Sc o r e s .................................... 57 vl VIII. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number Three Using Immediately After Course S c o r e s ........................................ 58 IX. Analysis of Variance Table of Data Related to Hypothesis Number Three Using One Month After Course S c o r e s ........................................ 59 vii ABSTRACT This study was designed to instruct nursing supervisors in general semantics principles and to observe the effects upon their subordinates. The selected supervisors were chosen by random sample, and classes were arranged to provide a ten-hour intensive general semantics indoctrination. Classes convened for two hours each week for five consecutive weeks. The objective of the study was to answer three specific questions. Does supervisory knowledge of general semantics principles: 1. Benefit the supervisor-subordinate relationship? 2. Influence subordinate attitude toward hospital administration? 3. Affect the subordinates' opinion of his work environment? Data were accumulated by semantic differential bl-polar adjective questionnaires issued to 210 hospital subordinates. Sixty- five employees were designated control group and were composed of subordinates