TOURISM AND TRANSPORT ISSUES AND AGENDA FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM ADVANCES IN TOURISM RESEARCH Series Editor: Professor Stephen J. Page University of Stirling, U.K. [email protected] Advances in Tourism Research series publishes monographs and edited volumes that comprise state-of-the-art research findings, written and edited by leading researchers working in the wider field of tourism studies. The series has been designed to provide a cutting edge focus for researchers interested in tourism, particularly the management issues now facing decision makers, policy analysts and the public sector. The audience is much wider than just academics and each book seeks to make a significant contribution to the literature in the field of study by not only reviewing the state of knowledge relating to each topic but also questioning some of the prevailing assumptions and research paradigms which currently exist in tourism research. The series also aims to provide a platform for further studies in each area by highlighting key research agendas which will stimulate further debate and interest in the expanding area of tourism research. The series is always willing to consider new ideas for innovative and scholarly books, inquiries should be made directly to the Series Editor. Published: THOMAS Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives KERR Tourism Public Policy and the Strategic Management of Failure WILKS & PAGE Managing Tourist Health and Safety in the New Millennium BAUM & LUNDTORP Seasonality in Tourism ASHWORTH & TUNBRIDGE The Tourist-Historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City RYAN&PAGE Tourism Management: Towards the New Millennium SONG & WITT Tourism Demand Modelling and Forecasting: Modern Econometric Approaches TEO, CHANG & HO Interconnected Worlds: Tourism in Southeast Asia Related Elsevier Journals - sample copies available on request Journal of Air Transport Management Annals of Tourism Research International Journal of Hospitality Management International Journal of Intercultural Relations Tourism Management World Development TOURISM AND TRANSPORT ISSUES AND AGENDA FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM EDITED BY LES LUMSDON University of Central Lancashire, U.K. STEPHEN J. PAGE University of Stirling, U.K. 2004 Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo ELSEVIER B.V. ELSEVIER Inc. ELSEVIER Ltd ELSEVIER Ltd Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 525 B Street, Suite 1900 The Boulevard, Langford 84 Theobalds Road P.O. Box 211, San Diego, Lane Kidlington, London 1000 AE Amsterdam CA 92101-4495 Oxford OX5 1GB WC1X 8RR The Netherlands USA UK UK © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This work is protected under copyright by Elsevier Ltd, and the following terms and conditions apply to its use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single chapters may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the Publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. 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Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. First edition 2004 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record is available from the British Library. ISBN: 0-08-044172-6 ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Printed in The Netherlands. Contents Contributors vii List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii 1. Progress in Transport and Tourism Research: Reformulating the Transport-Tourism Interface and Future Research Agendas 1 Les Lumsdon and Stephen J. Page 2. Life Cycle, Tourist Motivation and Transport: Some Consequences for the Tourist Experience 29 Gianna Moscardo and Philip L. Pearce 3. Transport and Tourism: Equity and Sustainability Issues 45 Derek Hall 4. Sustainable Mobility and Its Implications for Tourism 57 William R. Black 5. Airlines and Tourism Development: The Case of Zimbabwe 69 Brian Turton 6. Transport and Destination Development 79 Bruce Prideaux 7. Transport and Visitors in Historic Cities 93 Aylin Orba¸sliand Steve Shaw 8. The Changing Airport Environment: Past, Present and Future Imperfect? 105 Paul Freathy vi Contents 9. Tourism Development and Airlines in the New Millennium: An Operations Management Perspective 117 David Briggs 10. Cruise Ships: Deterritorialized Destinations 133 Robert E. Wood 11. Non-Motorised Transport and Tourism: A Case Study — Cycle Tourism 147 Les Lumsdon and Rodney Tolley 12. Tourism Transport: The Green Key Initiative 157 Les Lumsdon and Elwyn Owen Author Index 171 Subject Index 177 Contributors William R. Black Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47401, USA David Briggs Manchester Metropolitan University, Hollings Faculty, Manchester, UK Paul Freathy Department of Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK Derek Hall Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr, UK Les Lumsdon Lancashire Business School, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Gianna Moscardo James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia Aylin Orba¸slı Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Elwyn Owen University of Wales in Cardiff, UK Stephen J. Page Department of Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK Philip L. Pearce James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia Bruce Prideaux University of Queensland, Ipswich Campus, Queensland, Australia Steve Shaw Centre for Tourism, University of North London, UK Rodney Tolley Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, UK viii Contributors Brian Turton University of Keele, Staffordshire, UK Robert E. Wood Rutgers University, Camden, USA List of Figures Figure 1.1 The tourism system. 2 Figure 1.2 The tourism transport continuum. 7 Figure 1.3 The geographical distribution of SARS cases November 2002 to April 30, 2003. 13 Figure 2.1 A conceptual map of the links between motivation, life cycle, transport roles and the travellers’ experience. 32 Figure 2.2 Location map of far North Queensland. 35 Figure 5.1 Air Zimbabwe map. 71 Figure 6.1 The destination classification matrix. 80 Figure 6.2 Impact of travel cost on demand for attractions in peripheral areas. 83 Figure 6.3 The resort development spectrum. 85 Figure 6.4 Changes in resort infrastructure over time. 86 Figure 6.5 Growth of visitor types to Cairns 1982/83 to 1996/97. 89 Figure 9.1 Potential trade-offs for route impact and range capabilities for Boeing sonic cruiser. 121 Figure 9.2 Operations equilibrium: Influence of cost and revenue factors. 126 Figure 9.3 Operations improvement: Step-wise development. 128 This Page Intentionally Left Blank List of Tables Table 1.1 Key characteristics of low cost carriers which make them more competitive than other carriers. 10 Table 1.2 The public transport quality matrix. 15 Table 1.3 Performance of EU passenger transport by mode 1970–2000. 20 Table 2.1 The motivational responses of self-drive and non-self-drive markets to the North Queensland region. 36 Table 2.2 The motivational responses of three self-drive markets to North Queensland region. 38 Table 5.1 Tourist arrivals in Zimbabwe 1995–2000. 72 Table 9.1 Operations and consumer benefits. 125 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface Many researchers and reviewers will probably consider