ON THE SOGDIAN FORMULA FOR RECEIVING THE EIGHT COMMANDMENTS -Pelliot sogdien 5 and 17-* YUTAKA YOSHIDA P[elliot sogdien] 5 is the beginning of a scroll (1.35m×0.27m, 125 lines) which contains the complete Sogdian version of the Dirghanakha-sutra (Taisho Tripitaka, No.584) and the beginning of another text. P17, on the other hand, is the end of a scroll (0.50×0.30m, 42 lines) in which the eight commandments are enumerated. The facsimlies of both MSS were published by E. Benveniste, CodicesSogdiani, Copenhagen, 1940, pp. 160-62, 199. The publication of P5 was begun by R. Gauthiot (MSL 17, 1912, pp. 357- 67) who was followed by Benveniste (Textes Sogdiens, Paris, 1940, pp. 74-81). While Gauthiot edited only the Dirghanakha-sutra (P5. 1-88), Benveniste publish- ed the whole text. However, the last 16 lines were too fragmentary to be given a continuous translation by him. In a review of Benveniste's edition, W. B. Henning (BSOAS 11, 1946, pp. 730-31, 735) not only improved upon some of Benveniste's readings but also translated the portion left untranslated by him. Except for some minor corrections, however, Benveniste's edition of P17 (op. cit., pp. 145-47) has never been fully reviewed since its publication. Recently I was able to establish that P5 and P17 once belonged to one and the same scroll, which was originally composed of the Dirghanakha-sutra and a formula for the laity to receive the eight commandments. First of all atten- tion should be drawn to the fact that when they were first discovered P5 and P17 were stuck together, and that it was just before Benveniste published it that P17 was separated from P5. Both Gauthiot and Benveniste thought that P17 had been glued to P5 for reinforcement, cf. Benveniste, op. cit., p. 145. Apart from that, three pieces of positive evidence can be cited to confirm my discovery. (1) In addition to the main MS of P17, there are two small fragments (P17a and P17b) which are visible but almost illegible on the facsi- mile.(1) When I visited the Bibliotheque Nationale in 1982, I had an oppor- tunity to transliterate them from the originals. One of them (P17b, 9 lines) 157 can easily be joined to the left-hand margin of P17. 1-9. P17a, on the other hand, has proved to belong not to P17 but to P5, i, e. P17a (10 lines) constitutes the right-hand margin of P5. 115-124. For example, P17a, 8-9 and P5. 122-123 combine to give the following lines, the text of P17a being underlined:(2) w'n'kw pr[βyrt δ'r'n ZKn] 'krtyh L' ptwry 'sty rty ms myδ 'xsph r'm'nt(3) 'w δs' [γnt'krtyh 'krtw] (δ)[']r'm 'w γr'yw-cyk' γnt'krtyh 'krtw δ'r['n] '[if I should have t]aught that action has no retribution, furthermore, if by day and night, habitually I should have [committed] the ten [sins], if [I should] have committed sins of the body'. (2) Of the last line of P17 one can read much more on the original than Benveniste did about half a century ago. It provides the title of the preceding text which runs as follows: [βrz](n'??)x'n δynδ'r ZY ('st'????) sks'pt pwstk '(y?)[w prw'rt] 'Sutra of the religious [Dirgha]nakha and the eight commandments, one [chapter]'. It is clear from this title that the Dirghanakha-sutra once preceded P17. (3) As will be seen from my translation given below, the formula for receiving the eight commandments-if my assumption is correct-consists of several sections: (a) invitation of deities as witnesses to the confession (P5. 90-105); (b) confession of sins (P5. 105-124); lacuna; (c) reception of the eight commandments (P17. 1-33); (d) expression of the wish to obtain Buddhahood (P17. 34-41); (e) title (P17. 42). Among the treasures unearthed from Tun-huang one can find many Chinese MSS similar to our text. They were studied by Sh. Tsuchihashi (Kairitsu no Kenkyu,Kyoto, 1980, pp. 745-50, 772-91), who selected nine MSS belonging to this genre from the Stein collection and gave the short description of their contents.(4) According to Tsuchihashi, op. cit., pp. 775-76, they are mainly composed of five sections in the following order: (a) 啓 請 'opening invitation'; (b) 懺 悔 'confession'; (c) 三 歸 'trisarana'; (d) 戒 相 'commandments as ex- pressions for retaining evil, etc.'; (e) 廻 向 發 願 'parinamana and pranidhana'. It is clear that P5-P17 was indentically composed, and that there must have been the conclusion of the confession and the whole section of the trisarana in the gap between P5 and P17, although the Sogdian text does not agree closely with any of the Chinese MSS.(5) The Dirghanakha-sutra is far from being out of place here, since it mainly deals with the merits of keeping the eight commandments, and because it is sometimes referred to or even quoted in this kind of Chinese MSS (cf. Tsuchihashi, 158 ORIENT ON THE SOGDIAN FORMULA FOR RECEIVING THE EIGHT COMMANDMENTS op. cit., p. 775; Satomichi, art. cit., p. 82). However, it does not necessarily follow that P5-P17 was translated from a Chinese original as yet unknown. It could equally well be a free adaptation made from one of the known Chinese texts.(6) In view of the above-mentioned discovery and improvements on previous studies, it seems to be fitting to revise Benveniste's edition. In what follows I give the revised texts of P5. 89-125 and P17, a fresh translation, and full com- mentaries, together with the editioprinceps of P17a and b. In the text the follow- ing notation is used (cf. N. Sims-Williams, IIJ 18, 1976, p. 45): βcδ =reading certain. (βcδ) =reading uncertain, owing to damage, poor-quality paper, etc. (βcδ???) =traces compatible with the reading proposed. [βcδ] =letters wholly restored. ...... =approximate number of illegible letters. [......] =approximate number of missing letters. The system adopted here for the transcription of Sogdian script is the one with a consistent distinction between χ and γ which has recently been advocated by N. Sims-Williams, Appendix to W. Sundermann, Mitteliranische manichdische Texte kirchengeschichtlichen Inhalts, Berlin,1981, pp. 194-8. TEXT* P5 89 [nm'w pwty] nm'w δrm' nm'w snk 90 [rty 'zw yw δrxwsky] t'nm'n 'M sγtm'n 'nt'c c'wn 'ws'wγt' p'zn ptskwy'm 91 ['skwn](t)t'yka mwck' βγ'n βxtm s'kmwn pwty 'M δs' kyr'n γrβ 92 [ ](h) myδ'ny wyspw pwt'yst βc'npδy xwystrty 'PZY δrm 't pwrsnk' 93 [ ](')δry nws'k rtny rtyms tymn ptskwy'm 'skwn nsmy kyr'n xwz"y 94 (wγs)y βwmh 'w "myt' pwty ZY "ry'βr'wkδysβr pwty-stβ 't mx'stβ pr'pt 95 pwtystβ ZY sm'nptr pwtystβ 't mnc'wsry pwtystβ ZY ksytkrp pwtystβ 96 ZY ptrp'r pwtystβ ZY 'rwr'n xwt'w pwtystβ ZY 'rwr'n 'sk'tm pwtystβ 97 ZY "ys't zwrn'k mytr'y βc'npδ xwystr 'M δs' kyr'n wyspw pwtystβ 't 98 mx'stβ 'myn 'ws'wγty zp'rt mz'yx sm'wtry 'nt'c 'M δs' kyr'n wyspwh 99 rx'nt ZY ZKn prt'ykpwt 'nt'c 'M δs' kyr'n wyspw rx'ntb ZY ZKn ctβ'r r'δwh 100 'xsywn'y pwrsnk'n'y 'nt'c ZY δs' kyr'n zrw' ZY "δδβγ ZY ctβ'r mx'r'ct 't 101 ZY βγ'yst ZY n'kt 't mwrt'n'k xwt'w ZY 'st wkry 'nt'c pr'yw ZY 'M wyspw syr- 102 'nk'r'k ZY 'rt'w δrm'yk' βγ'yst ZY cyt'yt ky' xtw 'xw βγ'n'yk' γws 'skw't 103 ptskw'n ptγ'wsδ rty ms 'ky' βγ'n'yk' csmy 'skw't my wynδ ZY ky' ZKh xh 104 xwyckp'znyhc βyrtk rty my ptβr'wδ ZY sm'rδ ZY z'ry syδ ZY z'n'ntk βwδ' rty Vol. XX 1984 159 105 my'mnty pwδy mntr pr'ysδ m't mn' prw γw"n 'nz'n'k wyc'w'k mynδ rty 'zw 106 [yw] δ[rx](ws)ky t'nm'n 'M mγwn 'nt'c pr'yw c'wn 'wyc'wγtk zp'rt p'zn wsn wyspw 107 [w'tδ'r "z]wntyd pyδ'r mw γw'n 'nz'n'm nm'ny wn'm ZY 'xsn'm xwz'm cw c'wn 'pwh 108 ["γ'z]mrts'r ywn'y "zwn nwr myδ wyt'wr kw kδry zmnw prm yw "zwh ZY yp'k γrβ'wk- 109 wn'y ZY wytxwy sr'yβt'm 'pw "y'm 'xw 'kyty my ZKw CWRH rwβ ZY p'zn "y'wzt 110 'skwn m'δ ZY ZKw wyspw 'krt'nyh 'spt'kw 'krtw δ'r'm rtyms kt'r ZKw 'st'wp 111 (ZY βrx'r) [swγtw ZY n]stw δ'r'n (k)[t]('r......)pwstk swγtw ZY nstw δ'r'n kt'r 'w ???????? 112 [ ]'δry rtny xypδ γr'm'k cβtw ZY zγtw 113 [ ]prw'γt L' ZYsw pwty prβ'yrtk 'xw sy 114 [ ]'tsw pcrtw ZY ptγ'wst δ'r'n kt'r ZY ZKw 115 [ ](...k) ZKn s(ks)['pt]. 'pw sks'pt kt'r sks'pt δ'r(yny) ??? 116 [...](')nxwst sks'pt xwst(w)[δ'r]'n kt'r βs'ymt ZY nmγwn'k 'krtw 117 [δ'r](')n kt'r ZY sw 'w γw'n[ ]δ'r'n 'WZY 'w 'zw'nh zr'ystδ'rm 118 [kt'r]ZYsw prm't δ'rm k'(.)[e]tsyrk ZY prm'nptγwsy zγtw δ'r'n 119 kt'r ZY sn βstw ZY[ ]ms kt'r (ZY m't)yh 'BYw ptxwst δ'r'n kt'r cnn 120 pwty γr'yw (x)[wrnw psγtw δ'r'n] (k)t'r 'w 'nw'stk pwrsnk'f 'δwf yxw'k ['](kr)tw δ'r'n?? 121 'w rx'nt s[mny ptxwst δ'r'n] kt'rg 'w mz'yx ptk'wn wyn 'nx'yzt δ'r'n rty 122 w'n'kw pr[βyrt δ'r'n ZKn] 'krtyhh L' ptwry 'sty rty ms myδ 'xsph r'm- 123 'nt 'w δs' [γnt'krtyh 'krtw] (δ)[']r'm 'w γr'yw-cyk' γnt'krtyh 'krtw δ'r['n] 124 [ptxw]('n)k ZY (t)['ywny ZY "βrxs']y 'PZY rwβcyk' γnt'kr[tyh 'krtw δ'r'n] ??? 125 [ ]sk'r[i] (..)[ ] P 17 1 [pc]γ'z'm 'skwnj [cw] zmnyh [ ]h 2 pr'wscw wn'n ptsrδ 'δry rtny (t...)k pr'w[pc]γ'z'm 3 'skwn 'st' znk'n 'xsywn'y (myncl pc)m'k sks'pt [nwr myδ tpy'r 'xs]ph ZY ???? ?? 4 βr'k 'kw xwyrsny prm [w']n'w c'n'w (P)rnβyrty rx'n(t) [smny xwty L' ptxw']yt 5 L' prm'yt L' γwβt L' pts'ynt 'zw m(s 'ywγwncyδ pcγ'z'm 'skwn) ???????? ??????? ??? ? ? 6 pr 'δry rtny prm'nh sw'n s(k)[s'pt zwk' δ]'r'n | | P(c)[γ'z'm 'skwn nwr myδ] tp[y'r] 7 'xsph βr'k k'w wy'ws prm w'n'w [c]('n)'w rx'nt [s]mn(y x)wty t'[ywny]m 8 L' wnty L' prm'yt L' γwβt L[' pts'ynt 'zw ms 'ywγwn](c)yδ pcγ'z'm 9 'skwn pr 'δry rtny prm'nh sw'n [sks'pt zwk' δ'r'n | | pcγ]'z'm 'skwn [nwr] 10 myδ tpy'r 'xsph βr'k k'w xwyrs[ny prm w'n'w c'n'w prnβyrty rx'nt smny] 11 xwtyn "βrxs'y L' wnty L' prm'y[t L' γwβt L' pts'ynt 'zw ms 'ywγwn-] 12 cyδ pcγ'z'm skwn pr 'δry rtny prm'nh (s)[w'n sks'pt zwk' δ'r'n | |] 13 pcγ'z'm 'skwn nwro myδ tpy'r 'xsph βr'[k k'w xwyrsny prm w'n'w c'n'](k)[w] 14 rx'nt prnβyrty smny xwty zγmh L' w'βt L' swntk