ZEE HIGH SCHOOL Class:VII Topic: TENSES Dt.4/5/2020 Sub:English NOTES The tense of a verb shows not only the time of an action or event but also the state of an action referred to. There are three main tenses the Present Past and Future PRESENT TENSE 1.Simple present : I write. 2.Present continuous : I am writing. 3.Present perfect : I have written 4.Present Perfect Continuous : I have been writing since two hrs. PAST TENSE 1.Simple Past : I wrote the notes 2.Past continuous : I was writing the notes. 3.Past Perfect : I had written the notes. 4.Past Perfect Continuous: I had been writing the notes since two hours. FUTURE TENSE 1.Simple Future : I shall write. 2.Future Continuous : I shall be writing. Flow chart Present Future Past Tense Tense Tense Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Present Past Future Continuous Continuous Continuous Present Past Perfect Perfect Present Past Perfect Perfect Continuous Continuous 1.Simple Present Structure: subject + verb ( V1 form) + remaining sentence. Example : I + speak + in English regularly. Simple Present key words: every,daily ,mostly,generally ,usually, casually ,normal ,regularly, hardly,always, often ,rarely ,sometimes ,seldom,on Sunday ,over, never ,first ,then ,etc . SIMPLE PRESENT FORM IS USED TO EXPRESS: 1. all habitual actions 2. an action that always happens 3. future planned action 4. proverbs 5. saying of a great person 6. historical events 7. universal truth 2.Present Continuous : The action which started and is still continuing. Eg : I am speaking Structure : subject+ helping verb + main verb (ing form) Eg : I + am + speaking english. You + are + speaking english. She + is + speaking english. 3.Present Perfect : This tells about the action which happened already in the past and also happened recently. The keywords used for this tense are: recently, already ,just now ,just before ,sofar , since, for, how long. Structure: sub + helping verb + main verb (V3 form) Eg : I + have + spoken English He + has + spoken English. I We You have spoken English They He She has spoken English 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: This tells about the action that started in the past and is still going on. The keywords used in this tense are: since ,for ,lately ,whole,how long etc. Eg : I We You have been speaking English They He She has been speaking English PAST TENSE: 1.Simple past: The action which has been completed in the near past is known as simple past tense,here V 2 form of the verb is used Structure: S+ V2+O Eg : I played football yesterday 2.Past Continuous: An action which began in the past and is still going on until some other action occurred. Structure: S+be+V(ing)+Obj {be=was/were} Eg: I was playing football when you arrived. 3. Past Perfect: The action that completed before any other action in the past. Structure: S+had+V3+obj Eg: I had played football before you came. 4. Past Perfect Continuous: The past perfect continuous shows an action started in the past and continued up to another point in the past. Eg: They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. FUTURE TENSE: 1.SIMPLE FUTURE: an action which is going to happen in the near future is known as simple future tense. Structure: S+will+V1+obj Eg: I will play football tomorrow. FUTURE CONTINUOUS: An action which will begin in the future and will still go on until some other action occurs or happens. Structure: S+will be+ V(ing)+obj Eg :I will be playing football when you arrive. Exercise: Fill in the blanks according to the instructions. 1) A thief _______(come) into the house and ______(steal) valuables worth Rs.2lakhs.(simple past). 2) The teacher______(see) my homework while l_______(is)math problem. (Present tense) 3) our team______(win) five matches before it lost the sixtMh one.(past perfect) 4) l______ (go) the principal who ______(give) me permission to go out. (Present perfect) 5) The labours_______(come) here, so we move out. 6) My mother ______(take) a taxi to work if it_____(rain). (Simple future, simple present) 7) I ______(meet) her next week. (Simple future) 8) I ____(see) a snake in the garden. (Present perfect) 9) Rithik ______(cook) dinner for everyone at home.(past perfect) 10) Raghu _____(attend) the workshop in the evening. (Simple present) .