October 2013 V1 N2 Supplying Gasoline Checking the Crankshaft Multi-Layer Steel Headgasket The Tools You Use Turbochargers Performance Enhancement Knowledge for Service Technicians August 2013 V1 N1 4 26 50 14 38 FEATURES HOT ROD PRofESSIONAL 4 Boosting Horsepower Editorial, Circulation, Advertising Sales & Business Office: with a Turbocharger, P1 134B River Rd. / Montague, NJ 07827 / P.330.620.3929 Jeff Dahlin Christopher M. Ayers, Jr. 14 Supplying Gasoline Publisher Editor-in-chief/Operations Director [email protected] [email protected] 26 Multi-Layer Steel Head Gasket Bob Freudenberger Christopher-Michael Ayers 38 Tools for Building Editorial Director Art Director, Project Mgr. High-Performance Engines, P1 [email protected] ayersc3@hotrodprofessional 50 Checking the Crankshaft Greg McConiga Joe Sebergandio Executive Technical Editor Advertising Manager [email protected] [email protected] DEPARTMENTS Tom Nash Managing Editor 3 Starting Line [email protected] 34 Performance News: SEMA Contributors: Ali Afshar [email protected] 62 Off the Clock: Henry Ford Museum P2 Steve Campbell [email protected] Henry Olsen [email protected] 73 Showcase: Drive to Daytona John Anello [email protected] John Galt [email protected] 74 Information Station: News & Products Frank Walker [email protected] Glenn Quagmire [email protected] 78 Finish Line: Wandering Fulminations Kerry Jonsson [email protected] Adam Smith [email protected] HOT ROD Professional (HRP) is published by Master Technician LLC., HOT ROD Magazine, and Source Interlink Media. 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Contact [email protected] for more information. 2 HOT ROD ProfessionalIf you have a letter to the editor, a Tech Tip or a story idea, Email: [email protected] or visit: www.hotrodprofessional.comwww.hotrodprofessional.com Starting Line by Bob Freudenberger Our man Greg has often called those of us who work in auto service “field engineers,” and that’s even more so in high-performance pursuits My friend Jack Williams, a disabled WWII veteran, elsewhere, you extrapolate to specific cases to passed away two years ago at 85. Aside from his produce specific results and solve problems. You incredible experiences on a PT boat during the war, also invent as you pursue your efforts in high- he had an interesting and highly-intellectual life. performance modifications. Among many other things, he owned an antique arms museum in St. Augustine, Florida (the oldest You may not have framed diplomas on the wall, but continuously-occupied European city in the U.S., to me you’re still de facto engineers. having been founded by the Spanish in 1565), and There’s lots of great technical content in this issue was revered as the foremost authority on the rich of HRP. First, our exec tech editor, Greg McConiga, local history. His research into it was so wide-ranging and I are trying a new approach to presenting his and intense that he alone discovered the site of excellent article on the subtleties of crankshaft Fort Mose, an 18th-century colony of free Blacks preparation. Instead of long columns of prose, we’re that’s now a landmark historical park, when teams of going to give you lots of good photographs with scholars and archeologists from numerous universities detailed captions. Please let us know if you like this had failed to do so for over a century. departure from traditional coverage. Although Jack was often referred to as “Dr. Turbocharging is a hotter topic now than it’s been Williams” after giving a talk to academics, and for years, and our staff gives you the basics of this commonly received mail addressed to that same juice-enhancing concept in Part 1 of a series. Henry honorific, the fact is that he never even graduated Olsen, manager of Ole’s Carb and tuner to the rich from high school. He quit the day after Pearl Harbor and famous, provides the info you need to design a to join the Navy at the age of 17. Yet, all the flags in system adequate for moving enough gasoline at the old St. Augustine flew at half-mast the day of this de proper pressure from the tank to the injector rail or facto historian’s passing. the carburetor of a high-output engine. Our old friend, What’s any of that got to do with you, the Bill McKnight with MAHLE-Clevite, has provided the HOT ROD Professional reader? The term de facto best explanation to date of the characteristics of MLS (defined as “in reality or fact; actually”) is what made head gaskets. Managing editor Tom Nash lays out the association in my mind. Like me, and many of lots of reasons why you should consider attending the our contributors, you probably don’t have a degree in spectacular SEMA Show in Las Vegas this November. engineering, mechanical or otherwise. When you add in our regular columns and That doesn’t mean, however, that you don’t departments, I think you’ll agree that HRP more than exercise the same kind of thought processes and fulfills its mission. That is, to provide our readers mental discipline that somebody with such a degree (professional auto service technicians who engage uses to approach a creative challenge that involves in high-performance pursuits) with more helpful and the physics of the real world. From the principles interesting information than they’ll find anywhere else. you’ve learned in the auto service profession and Boosting Horsepower with a Turbocharger, Part 1 What a concept! The idea may be a century old, but it can still make a small engine put out like a big one. This two-part series will prepare you for high- performance modifications with information on operating principles, design fundamentals, diagnostic info, and replacement and upgrade alternatives. 4 HOT ROD Professional www.hotrodprofessional.com Once a car reaches cruising speed, it Well-proven doesn’t need very much power to keep up The turbocharger is a proven technology the pace. But acceleration -- especially that’s been used in heavy-duty trucking, the thrilling sort that makes driving fun -- agriculture, heavy equipment, marine requires plenty of output. Wouldn’t it be applications, railroad engines, aircraft, etc. great if you could have a small engine to for many decades. In the automotive world, propel you down the highway economically, the term conjures up images of exotics, pure but with the ability to grow miraculously in racing cars, and high-end Europeans and displacement when you ask it to do so by the Asians, although it’s boosted the power of action of your right foot? many more mundane vehicles over the years. To carmakers pursuing this seemingly magical combination of small-powerplant mpg and gorilla-motor 0 to 60 times, that’s been the basic idea behind the turbocharger. HOT ROD Professional readers, on the other hand, are mostly on a quest for the latter, and squeezing a whole lot of power out of an engine can be greatly facilitated by tuning the stock turbo, upgrading the system, or adding one to replace normal aspiration. Before you embark on such a project, however, you’d better know the whole story, beginning with basic principles. In WWII, turbocharging gave many of our warplanes, such as this Lockheed P-38 Lightning, superior performance at high altitudes (courtesy Airforce Image Gallery). Turbocharging is all about making use of energy that would otherwise be wasted to pack the cylinders and make a little engine act like a big one (courtesy Garrett). Opposite, Bottom: The ‘65 Corvair Corsa Turbo was introduced shortly after the Olds Jetfire, but Fred Agabashian led the 1952 Indy 500 for almost sold a lot more. Cool lines -- we wouldn’t mind 100 miles in a car powered by a turbocharged having one of those now. Cummins diesel (courtesy Cummins). www.hotrodprofessional.com October 2013 5 Turbochargers Here’s the basic layout, cool side on the left, hot side on the right (courtesy Garrett). On the street scene, the basic idea has always been to use turbochargers to produce tire-shredding horsepower numbers from relatively small displacements, essentially causing the engine to grow miraculously whenever you put your foot in it. Now, the emphasis is changing to getting acceptable power out of the smallest, most fuel-efficient powerplants possible. The market system is nothing if not responsive, so high fuel prices are about to make turbos explode in popularity. More and more new cars will be One of the advancements that makes the newest turbos far better than older versions is ball bearings. appearing powered by small, clean-running Lag is reduced and durability is much better than turbo-diesels and T-charged gas engines. So, with plain journal bearings (courtesy Garrett). what exactly is a turbocharger and how long has it been around? not yet exist that would allow the manufacture of a true production model. The first working 1905? turbocharged engine was created in 1910 -- a The history of turbochargers begins in 1905 two-cycle “rotary” diesel for aircraft built by when Swiss engineer Alfred J. Buchi patented Murray-Willat (at that time, a rotary engine the first supercharger powered by exhaust meant one that had the crankshaft bolted to heat. Some time thereafter, a prototype the airframe so that the entire engine spun turbocharged diesel engine was developed, with the propeller, so it’s not to be confused but the industrial processes and materials did with the modern Mazda rotary).