A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER’S OFFICE FILES, 1953–1961 Part 2: International Series UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER’S OFFICE FILES, 1953–1961 Part 2: International Series Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by David W. Loving A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s office files. 1953–1961 [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels. -- (Research collections in American politics) Compiled from the papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower in the custody of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, National Archives and Records Administration. Accompanied by printed reel guides, compiled by David W. Loving. ISBN 1-55655-165-7 (pt. 1) ISBN 1-55655-166-5 (pt. 2) 1. United States--Politics and government--1953–1961--Sources. 2. United States--Foreign relations--1953–1961--Sources. 3. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890–1969--Archives. 4. Dwight D. Eisenhower Library--Archives. I. Lester, Robert. II. Loving, David W., 1940– . III. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890–1969. IV. United States. President (1953–1961 : Eisenhower) V. Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. VI. Series. E835 91-43074 CIP The documents reproduced in this publication are donated historical materials from Dwight D. Eisenhower in the custody of the Eisenhower Library, National Archives and Records Administra- tion. The “fair use” provisions of the copyright law may apply. Copyright© 1990 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-166-5. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...........................................................................................................................................vii Scope and Content Note....................................................................................................................xiii Source Note...........................................................................................................................................xv Editorial Note........................................................................................................................................xv Name List..............................................................................................................................................xvii Initialism List.......................................................................................................................................xxi Reel Index Reel 1 Afghanistan–Australia............................................................................................................1 Reel 2 Australia cont.–Brazil.............................................................................................................3 Reel 3 Brazil cont.–Canada..............................................................................................................5 Reel 4 Canada cont.–Congo, Republic of.........................................................................................7 Reel 5 Congo, Republic of cont.–European Economic Community..................................................9 Reel 6 Finland–Formosa..................................................................................................................11 Reel 7 Formosa cont.–France..........................................................................................................13 Reel 8 France cont.–Germany.........................................................................................................15 Reel 9 Germany cont.–Ghana.........................................................................................................17 -iii- Table of Contents Reel 10 Ghana cont.–Great Britain....................................................................................................19 Reel 11–14 Great Britain cont..................................................................................................................21 Reel 15 Greece–Haiti.........................................................................................................................30 Reel 16 Hawaii–India.........................................................................................................................32 Reel 17 India cont..............................................................................................................................33 Reel 18 India cont.–Italy.....................................................................................................................35 Reel 19 Italy cont.–Japan...................................................................................................................37 Reel 20 Japan cont.–Korea................................................................................................................39 Reel 21 Korea cont.–Liberia...............................................................................................................41 Reel 22 Libya–Mexico........................................................................................................................42 Reel 23 Mexico cont.–New Zealand..................................................................................................44 Reel 24 New Zealand cont.–Panama................................................................................................46 Reel 25 Panama cont.–Philippine Islands..........................................................................................48 Reel 26 Philippine Islands cont.–Puerto Rico....................................................................................49 Reel 27 Puerto Rico cont.–Spain.......................................................................................................50 Reel 28 Spain cont.–Turkey...............................................................................................................52 Reel 29 Turkey cont.–USSR..............................................................................................................53 -iv- Table of Contents Reel 30–31 USSR cont............................................................................................................................55 Reel 32 USSR cont.–Yugoslavia.......................................................................................................57 Correspondent Index..........................................................................................................................61 Subject Index.......................................................................................................................................65 -v- INTRODUCTION The historical reputation of Dwight D. Eisenhower, war hero and thirty-fourth president of the United States, sank to a low point after he left the White House in January 1961. Although his personal popularity with the American public had not diminished during his eight years in office, the academic and journalistic communities that had criticized his tenure, his policies, and his personal leadership continued to believe that he had presided ineffectually over an era of relative inactivity. Most of Eisenhower’s critics seem to have supported the social programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal and Harry S Truman’s Fair Deal, and during the 1960s they quickly shifted their admiration and allegiance to the liberal elements of John F. Kennedy’s New Frontier. They saw Eisenhower’s conservative agenda as a program to benefit the privileged and the wealthy, a Republican reaction to the progress made under Democratic reformers. Liberal scribes and pundits deplored his refusal to take on the dark beast of the 1950s, Senator Joseph McCarthy. They derided Eisenhower’s efforts to achieve fiscal responsibility and decentralized government, claiming that these efforts were little more than a smokescreen covering the president’s insensitivity to the needs of the less fortunate elements of American society. Eisenhower’s foreign policy (which had, after all, resulted in seven-and-one- half years of peace) came in for somewhat less criticism. Nevertheless, many deplored the administration’s emphasis on nuclear weapons and the doctrine of massive retaliation. Others were shocked at the covert interventions in Iran and Guatemala. Most of the criticisms dating from the early 1960s, however, were directed at Eisenhower’s supposed failure to pursue the cold war vigorously and successfully. Eisenhower’s misguided efforts to balance the federal budget, it was said, had resulted in an inadequate military posture and an unwillingness to confront America’s communist enemies in areas involving either conventional or guerilla warfare. The peace of the 1950s, it was thought, was simply a matter of luck. As the 1960s came to a close during the darkest days of the Vietnam War, a few writers started to reassess the conventional wisdom about Eisenhower. The calm and prosperity of his terms began to look more attractive amid the waves of assassinations, riots, and racial turmoil that characterized