TABLE OF CONTENTS Colorado Rules of Civil Procedure for Courts of Record in Colorado Chapter 1. Scope of Rules, One Form of Action, Commencement of Action, Service of Process, Pleadings, Motions and Orders . .5 Rule 1. Scope of Rules . .5 Rule 2. One Form of Action . .8 Rule 3. Commencement of Action . .8 Rule 4. Process . .10 Rule 5. Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers . .30 Rule 6. Time . .34 Chapter 2. Pleadings and Motions . .41 Rule 7. Pleadings Allowed: Form of Motions . .41 Rule 8. General Rules of Pleading . .44 Rule 9. Pleading Special Matters . .61 Rule 10. Form and Quality of Pleadings, Motions and Other Documents . .68 Rule 11. Signing of Pleadings . .75 Rule 12. Defenses and Objections—When and How Presented—by Pleading or Motion—Motion for Judgment on Pleadings . .79 Rule 13. Counterclaim and Cross Claim . .99 Rule 14. Third-Party Practice . .105 Rule 15. Amended and Supplemental Pleadings . .109 Rule 16. Case Management and Trial Management . .128 Rule 16.1. Simplified Procedure for Civil Actions . .141 Rule 16.2. Court Facilitated Management of Domestic Relations Cases and General Provisions Governing Duty of Disclosure . .145 Chapter 3. Parties . .153 Rule 17. Parties Plaintiff and Defendant; Capacity . .153 Rule 18. Joinder of Claims and Remedies . .161 Rule 19. Joinder of Persons Needed for Just Adjudication . .163 Rule 20. Permissive Joinder of Parties . .169 Rule 21. Misjoinder and Nonjoinder of Parties . .174 Rule 22. Interpleader . .174 Rule 23. Class Actions . .175 Rule 23.1. Derivative Actions by Shareholders . .183 Rule 23.2. Actions Relating to Unincorporated Associations . .186 Rule 24. Intervention . .186 Rule 25. Substitution of Parties . .193 Chapter 4. Disclosure and Discovery . .199 Rule 26. General Provisions Governing Discovery; Duty of Disclosure . .199 Rule 26.1. Special Provisions Regarding Limited and Simplified Discovery (Repealed) . .223 v Colorado Rules of Civil and Appellate Procedure Rule 26.2. General Provisions Governing Discovery; Duty of Disclosure (Domestic Relations) (Repealed) . .223 Rule 26.3. Limited Monetary Claim Actions (Repealed) . .223 Rule 27. Depositions Before Action or Pending Appeal . .223 Rule 28. Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken . .227 Rule 29. Stipulations Regarding Discovery Procedure . .229 Rule 30. Depositions Upon Oral Examination . .229 Rule 31. Depositions Upon Written Questions . .237 Rule 32. Use of Depositions in Court Proceedings . .238 Rule 33. Interrogatories to Parties . .245 Rule 34. Production of Documents and Things and Entry Upon Land for Inspection and Other Purposes . .249 Rule 35. Physical and Mental Examination of Persons . .254 Rule 36. Requests for Admission . .258 Rule 37. Failure to Make Disclosure or Cooperate in Discovery: Sanctions . .260 Chapter 5. Trials . .273 Rule 38. Right to Trial by Jury . .273 Rule 39. Trial by Jury or by the Court . .278 Rule 40. Assignment of Cases for Trial . .281 Rule 41. Dismissal of Actions . .282 Rule 42. Consolidation; Separate Trials . .294 Rule 42.1. Consolidated Multidistrict Litigation . .297 Rule 43. Evidence . .299 Rule 44. Proof of Official Record . .303 Rule 44.1. Determination of Foreign Law . .306 Rule 45. Subpoena . .306 Rule 46. Exceptions Unnecessary . .313 Rule 47. Jurors . .313 Rule 48. Number of Jurors . .330 Rule 49. Special Verdicts and Interrogatories . .330 Rule 50. Motion for Directed Verdict . .332 Rule 51. Instructions to Jury . .337 Rule 51.1. Colorado Jury Instructions . .344 Rule 52. Findings by the Court . .345 Rule 53. Masters . .352 Chapter 6. Judgment . .361 Rule 54. Judgments; Costs . .361 Rule 55. Default . .376 Rule 56. Summary Judgment and Rulings on Questions of Law . .387 Rule 57. Declaratory Judgments . .410 Rule 58. Entry of Judgment . .423 Rule 59. Motions for Post-Trial Relief . .427 vi Table of Contents Rule.