First Aid/CPR/AED PARTICIPANT’S MANUAL Complement your training with the resources you’ll need that will keep you knowledgeable, confident, and ready to respond. From our mobile apps to the Red Cross store with best-in-class products, ensure you have the tools to quickly assist during emergency situations. Help is in your hand with mobile apps Red Cross apps provide you with the information to help you be prepared—whether it’s everyday safety tools, tips and preparedness information or what actions to take during a natural disaster or first aid emergency. • The Emergency App covers 35 severe weather and emergency alerts. • The First Aid App gives you instant help for the most common first aid emergencies. Go to redcross.org/emergencyapps to learn more. Get equipped at the Red Cross Store You’ll find the products you need to be prepared for any emergency: • First aid kits and refills • CPR keychains and lifeguard rescue tubes • First Aid and other reference guides • Emergency preparedness kits and products You’ll also find apparel and even gift ideas for the family, friends and neighbors who want to be ready and prepared. Plus, a portion of proceeds from the sale of all store products helps to fund the lifesaving mission of the American Red Cross. Shop at redcrossstore.org/classproducts. Access your digital certificate anytime, anywhere The American Red Cross makes certification fast, simple and easy. With Red Cross Digital Certificates you get anytime, anywhere access to your certificates; plus print, share, and download wherever and whenever you like. Each certificate includes a unique ID and a QR code which meets employment requirements and allows employers to easily confirm your certificate is valid. Learn more about how to access your digital certificate at redcross.org/myclasscert. American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual This participant’s manual is part of the American Red Cross First Aid/ CPR/AED program. Visit redcross.org to learn more about this program. The emergency care procedures outlined in this book reflect the standard of knowledge and accepted emergency practices in the United States at the time this book was published. It is the reader’s responsibility to stay informed of changes in emergency care procedures. The following materials (including downloadable electronic materials, as applicable) including all content, graphics, images and logos, are copyrighted by, and the exclusive property of, The American National Red Cross (“Red Cross”). Unless otherwise indicated in writing by the Red Cross, the Red Cross grants you (“Recipient”) the limited right to download, print, photocopy and use the electronic materials only for use in conjunction with teaching or preparing to teach a Red Cross course by individuals or entities expressly authorized by the Red Cross, subject to the following restrictions: ■ The Recipient is prohibited from creating new electronic versions of the materials. ■ The Recipient is prohibited from revising, altering, adapting or modifying the materials, which includes removing, altering or covering any copyright notices, Red Cross marks, logos or other proprietary notices placed or embedded in the materials. ■ The Recipient is prohibited from creating any derivative works incorporating, in part or in whole, the content of the materials. ■ The Recipient is prohibited from downloading the materials, or any part of the materials, and putting them on the Recipient’s own website or other third-party website without advance written permission of the Red Cross. ■ The Recipient is prohibited from removing these Terms and Conditions in otherwise-permitted copies, and is likewise prohibited from making any additional representations or warranties relating to the materials. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by the Red Cross. The Red Cross does not permit its materials to be reproduced or published without advance written permission from the Red Cross. To request permission to reproduce or publish Red Cross materials, please submit your written request to The American National Red Cross. Copyright © 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The Red Cross emblem, American Red Cross® and the American Red Cross logo are registered trademarks of The American National Red Cross and protected by various national statutes. Published by StayWell Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-58480-660-8 Acknowledgments The American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual was developed through the dedication of both employees and volunteers. Their commitment to excellence made this manual possible. Dedication This manual is dedicated to the thousands of employees and volunteers of the American Red Cross who contribute their time and talent to supporting and teaching life-saving skills worldwide, and to the thousands of course participants who have decided to be prepared to take action when an emergency strikes. Table of Contents PART 1 PART 2 FIRST AID BASICS / 1 FIRST AID FOR CARDIAC EMERGENCIES AND CHOKING / 34 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 3 Before Giving Care, 2 Cardiac Emergencies, 35 Preparing for Emergencies .................3 Heart Attack ............................36 Understanding Your Role in the Cardiac Arrest...........................38 EMS System.........................5 Giving CPR .............................43 Obtaining Consent to Help ................10 Using an AED ...........................48 Lowering the Risk for Infection .............11 Working as a Team .......................51 Taking Action: The Emergency Action Steps ..............................16 Skill Sheets 3-1: Giving CPR to an Adult ...............53 Skill Sheet 3-2: Giving CPR to a Child ................55 1-1: Removing Latex-Free Disposable 3-3: Giving CPR to an Infant...............57 Gloves .............................22 3-4: Using an AED .......................59 CHAPTER 2 Checking an Injured or Ill Person, 23 Checking a Responsive Person ............24 Checking a Person Who Appears to Be Unresponsive . 28 Skill Sheets 2-1: Checking a Responsive Person ........30 2-2: Checking a Person Who Appears to Be Unresponsive . 32 © 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved. © 2011, 2016 The CHAPTER 4 Choking, 61 Risk Factors for Choking ..................62 Signs and Symptoms of Choking ...........63 First Aid for Choking......................63 Skill Sheets 4-1: Caring for an Adult Who Is Choking.....68 4-2: Caring for a Child Who Is Choking .....70 4-3: Caring for an Infant Who Is Choking ....72 Table of Contents | iv | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual Table of Contents | iv | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual PART 3 FIRST AID FOR COMMON ILLNESSES AND INJURIES / 74 CHAPTER 5 Sudden Illness, 75 General Approach to Sudden Illness ........76 Respiratory Distress ......................77 Asthma.................................78 Allergic Reactions and Anaphylaxis .........80 Diabetic Emergencies ....................83 Seizures................................85 Fainting ................................86 Stroke .................................87 Skill Sheets 5-1: Assisting with an Asthma Inhaler .......89 5-2: Assisting with an Epinephrine Auto Injector ........................91 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Emergency Moves, 141 APPENDIX B Special First Aid Situations, 144 Abuse.................................144 Emergency Childbirth....................145 CHAPTER 6 Traumatic Injuries, 93 APPENDIX C Shock..................................94 Special Considerations for Signs and Internal Bleeding.........................95 Symptoms in Children, 146 Wounds ................................95 Fever .................................146 Burns .................................103 Vomiting and Diarrhea ...................147 Muscle, Bone and Joint Injuries............106 Respiratory Distress .....................148 Head, Neck and Spinal Injuries ............109 Nose and Mouth Injuries .................112 APPENDIX D Chest Injuries ..........................113 Injury Prevention, 149 Abdominal Injuries ......................114 General Strategies for Reducing the Pelvic Injuries...........................115 Risk for Injury ......................149 Vehicle Safety ..........................150 Skill Sheets Fire Safety .............................151 6-1: Using Direct Pressure to Control Safety at Home .........................152 External Bleeding ...................116 Safety at Work .........................154 6-2: Using a Commercial Tourniquet .......117 Safety at Play ..........................155 CHAPTER 7 Environmental Injuries and Illnesses, 118 Glossary, 157 Exposure Injuries and Illnesses ............119 Sources, 161 Poisoning..............................124 Bites and Stings ........................128 Photography Credits, 162 Rash-Causing Plants ....................136 Lightning-Strike Injuries ..................139 Index, 164 © 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved. © 2011, 2016 The Table of Contents | v | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual PART 1 First Aid Basics © 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved. © 2011, 2016 The Chapter 1 Before Giving Care | PB | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual Chapter 1 Before Giving Care | 1 | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual BEFORE GIVING CARE eing knowledgeable and skilled in providing first aid can help you to make your workplace, home and community a safer place to be. B When a person is injured or becomes suddenly ill, your quick