DOCUMENT RESUME ED 356 990 SO 022 877 AUTHOR Banks, Sarah J.; Weeks, Charles A. TITLE Mississippi's Spanish Heritage: Selected Writings, 1492-1798. INSTITUTION Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning, Jackson.; Mississippi State Dept. of Education, Jackson. SPONS AGENCY National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C.; Phil Hardin Foundation, Meridian, MS. PUB DATE Jun 92 NOTE 201p.; Designed for use in teacher institutes funded by the NEH. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) Collected Works General (020) Historical Materials (060) LANGUAGE English; Spanish EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Heritage Education; *History Instruction; North American History; *Primary Sources; *Second Language Instruction; *Spanish; Spanish Americans; Spanish Speaking; State Curriculum Guides; *State History IDENTIFIERS *Columbian Quincentenary; Colu bus (Christopher); *Mississippi ABSTRACT This anthology of Spanish-language documents is designed to help Mississippi teachers integrate language, literature, history, and culture into their classroom content. Beginning with Columbian voyages to the new world, these documents attempt to help students and teachers to see the various impacts the European encounter left on Missizs'npi. The anthology is organized into seven sections entitled:(1) "Early Documents and Observations Relating to the New World";(2) "First Explorations into the Interior of the New World";(3) "Later Expeditions into the Northern Gulf Region";(4) "The Return of the Spanish to Mississippi";(5) "Natchez, a Polygot Town of the Spanish Empire, 1779-98";(6) "Spanish-Indian Relations: The Nogales Dispute, 1791-92"; and (7) "The Abbe Raynal's Critique of Empire--1770." Each document is written in Spanish, and is preceded by a brief introduction in English. Certain Spanish words are translated in the margins, and a series of questions follow each document. Biographical notes about some of the documents' authors and a bibliography are included. Prefatory material in English gives the historical context and a chronology. (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** O Ii._,,' . ' ":?......- ...'.'t',.. sssippi's erita-ge 5 elected_ s, 1492-1798 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OrIco of Ecketabonol Rog...arch and ImprovorooM EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) gLTAr/ documenthas boon roorodocd rocond IronMa poison of Oegannahon onomatmg rt Moor changeshave be., made to omproue -1 roprochschoo Quaint' demo' ol rue* opmfone stated m Ino docu- 61... 7 Erdn:71 men! do notnotomorrlymotional Mica& .0 1 OE RI positron or pol.cy -'G1 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS J.....panks MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY tiles A. Weeks ?.,.,&:1-Crli q4)Pc-e...,L13 ... ... - . -. -..- .- . 'r'"...-- - r ..In .i.... TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES . - . -:-'7- . - 2."-eIg -t-"I.:6-. i INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" e---.:' '".5."'`eitarOli.lii S. Kel!y editor g- ---'1-1. : -....:4.., .4, ti F..7.- ,..T L7117.5L .141.,1-IT ,,i. .'""'''''.0 -174111;r .'-.--1,-.._.-H --; I .. rlVfiSigsappi Sfate Departinent of EducatiOn .,,A4i4issippi Institutions of Higher Learning June 1992 I7.-:.T± 1 Made possible through a grant from The Fhil Hardin Foundation 0 and designed for use in teacher institutes funded by The National Eadownsent for the Humanities BEST COPY Mississippi's Spanish Heritage Selected Writings, 1492-1798 Sarah J. Banks Charles A. Weeks Caroline S. Kelly, editor Mississippi State Department of Education Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning June 1992 Mississippi's Spanish Heritage Selected Writings, 1492-1798 © Copyright 1992 Mississippi teachers and school districts may use material in the anthology for non- profit, educational purposes providing they credit all sources. Other inquiries should be directed to Jeanne Wells Cook, (601) 359-3778, Language Arts and Foreign Language Specialist, State Department of Education, P. 0. Box 771, Jackson, MS 39205. I Mississippi State Department of Education R. D. Harris, Interim State Superintendent of Education Donna A. Lander, Director, Bureau of Instructional Services Jo Prather, Director, Division of Curriculum and Instruction Jeanne Wells Cook, Anthology Project Director, Language Arts and Foreign Language Specialist Caroline S. Kelly, Editor and Institute Coordinator and Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning W. Fey Cleere, Commissioner of Higher Education Charles A. Pickett, Associate Commissioner of Academic Affairs Denton Gibbes, Coordinator of Special Projects Published by the Mississippi State Department of Education Jackson, Mississippi June 1992 Made possible through a grant from The Phil Hardin Foundation and designed for use in teacher institutes funded by The National Endowment for the Humanities iii r. Table of Contents Preface vi Acknowledgements vii Introduction Historical Context viii Chronological Summary xiii I Early Documents and Observations Relating to the New World Columbus' Contract for Discovery: Capitulaciones de Santa Fe-1492 3 Columbus First Impressions of the New World-1492 6 Queen Isabella's Concern for Justice in the New World 1504 8 Friar Antonio de Montesinos' Denunciation of the Exploitation of the IndiansRI_ ..... 10 Spain's Justification for Intervention and Conquest: El Requerinnento-1513 12 Statement of Las Casas against Black Slavery-1527 15 Kl First Explorations into the Interior of the New World Cortes' Explanation of his Decision to March Inland-1520 20 Indian Ambush at Cholula-1568 1. Introduction to Dona Marina or La Ma linche 23 2. The Spaniards Begin to Be Suspicious 24 3. The Spaniards Deliberate Their Tactics 27 4. Dona Marina's Discovery 29 5. Cortes Takes Action 31 Con 6s' Entrance into Tenochtitlan-1520 33 Myth of Quetzalcoat1-16th Century 36 The Massacre of the Aztec NobilityI6th century 38 The Death of Moctezuma-1520 40 The Death of Moctezuma (Indian Source)-16th century 42 Human Sacrifices and Cannibalism-15::6 43 The Sacred Ball GameI688 45 HI Later Expeditions into the Northern Gulf Region Cabeza de Vaca's Impressions of the Gulf Coast-1529 1. First Glimpse of the Mississippi? 49 2. Cabeza de Vaca's Fellow Survivors 51 The Hernando de Soto Expedition-1539-43 1. An Account of the Mississippi River 52 2. The Death of Soto 54 3. The Burial of Soto 57 4. Garcilaso's Final Reflections on the Soto Expedition-71605 60 IV The Return of the Spanish to Mississippi Spanish Objectives in the Gulf of Mexico during the American Revolution-1779 65 The Baton Rouge Campaign Led by Bernardo de Ga Ive2-1779 1. A Hurricane Hits the Gathering Army 69 2. The Attack on the British 71 Bernardo de Galvez Summarizes his Campaign-1779 73 Spanish Support in Pensacola and Mobile: Intelligence Reports by Juan de la Villebeuvre-1780 75 V Natchez, a Polyglot Town of the Spanish r.mpire-1779-98 Commandant Francisco Bouligny and the Problems of a Frontier District-1785 1. A Preliminary Assessment 82 2. The Need for Law and Order 84 3. Recommendations to the Spanish Governor in New Orleans 87 Glimpses of the Community through Legal Documents 1. George Rapaljie Borrows to Expand his Farming Operation-1784 92 2. George Rapaljie Faces Bankruptcy-1784 94 3. New World Wealth and Old World Debts: A French Settler's Will '1788 98 4. Records of Slave Sales-1788 100 5. Two Scots Trade Land in Spanish-1788 102 6. A Couple from P'fferent Parts of the Empire Marries in Natchez-1788 104 7. Margaret Woods and Her Errant Husband-1786 105 VI Spanish-Indian Relations: The Nogales Dispute-1791 Gayoso de Lemos, the New Governor, Seeks to Strengthen the Natchez District against the Americans-1792 1. A Brief Summary of the Geography and History of the District 112 2. ConstructionCivilian and Military 114 3. The Potential of Nogales 116 4. Indian Opposition to Spanish Plans 119 The Indian Challenge to Spanish Expansion-1791 124 Governor Gayoso de Lemos Enters into Negotiations-1792 126 Gayoso's Instructions to Stephen Minor, His Envoy-1792 129 Protestations of Friendship to the Chickasaw King-1792 134 Shuttle Diplomacy Eighteenth Century Style: Stephen Minor's Diary-1792 1. March 13-27Preparations for the Congress 136 2. March 27A Conference Between Minor and the Indian Chiefs 141 3. March 28The Private Interview with Franchimastabe 146 4. March 29-April 3Minor's Reflections on the Trip and his Departure 150 The Natchez Congress: The Spanish Acquisition of Nogales (Vicksburg)-1792 1. Preparations for the Congress and the Arrival of the Indians 152 2. Preliminary Meetings Continue 156 3. Gayoso's Interview with the Chickasaw King 160 4. A Private Visit to the Warehouse 164 5. The Congress Convenes 167 6. Success Threatened by an Argument 173 7. The Departure of the Indian Delegations 177 OD VII The Abbe Raynal's Critique of Empire-1771) 1. The Translator's Opening Summary 183 2. The Motivating Power of Commerce 186 3. Spanish Ventures in Empire Building 187 Biographical Notes 189 Bibliography 192 7 Preface This anthology serves as the focus of the 1992 Spanish teachers' institute funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The anthology was designed to help teachers integrate language, literature, history, and culty d and thereby bring the humanities content into the classroom. The year 1992 also marks the quincentennial of Christopher Columbus' fateful voyage and the beginnings of an encounter of European, African, and native cultures in America.