Special Issue: Celebrating Women’s Suffrage Utah’s Unique Place in the Suffrage Movement Negotiating Latter-day Saint Unity on Suffrage QUARTERLY Emmeline B. Wells and the Woman’s Exponent Scholarship informed by Belva Lockwood’s Advocacy for the Latter-day Saints the restored gospel of Interview with Jill Mulvay Derr on Eliza R. Snow Jesus Christ Personal Essays by Laurel Ulrich, Claudia Bushman, and Richard Bushman BYU STUDIES QUARTERLY Editor in Chief Steven C. Harper TO OUR READERS BYU Studies Staff BYU Studies publishes scholarship Editorial Director informed by the restored gospel of Roger Terry Jesus Christ. We exist to inspire learn- Senior Editors ing “by study and also by faith” (D&C Jennifer Hurlbut Production Editor 88:118) in three primary constituencies: Marny K. Parkin • Educated nonspecialist readers/ Publications Coordinator Annette Samuelsen subscribers Web Editor • Scholars whose work merits publica- Derek Gurr Marketing Team tion in a venue committed to both Savannah Ostler revealed and discovered truth Samuel E. Rybak Web Programmers • Students who gain experiential learn- Madison Brann ing while making vital contributions Dallin Davis Tau Doxey Gage Poulson Editorial Assistants Andrea Marie Candland Tina Hawley Brooke James Audio Team Joseph Sandholtz Clara Wright Dylan Wright byustudies.byu.edu Editor in Chief Steven C. Harper Associate Editor Susan Elizabeth Howe Editorial Board Trevor Alvord media Richard E. Bennett Church history Carter Charles history W. Justin Dyer social science Dirk A. Elzinga linguistics Sherilyn Farnes history James E. Faulconer philosophy/theology Kathleen Flake religious studies Ignacio M. Garcia history Daryl R. Hague translation Taylor Halvorson, scripture and innovation David F. Holland religious history Kent P. Jackson scripture Megan Sanborn Jones theater and media arts Ann Laemmlen Lewis independent scholar Kerry Muhlestein Egyptology Armand L. Mauss sociology Marjorie Newton history Josh E. Probert material culture Susan Sessions Rugh history Herman du Toit visual arts Lisa Olsen Tait history Greg Trimble, entrepreneurship, internet engineering John G. Turner history Gerrit van Dyk Church history John W. Welch law and scripture Frederick G. Williams cultural history Jed L. Woodworth history Scholarship Informed by the Restored Gospel of Jesus Christ STUDIES QUARTERLY BYUVol. 59 • No. 3 • 2020 IN MEMORIAM 4 In Memoriam, Armand L. Mauss (1928–2020) EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS 5 Editor’s Introduction Susan Elizabeth Howe 10 Editor’s Introduction Katherine Kitterman COVER ART 13 Working for a More Divine Model McArthur Krishna and Bethany Brady Spalding ARTICLES 17 First to Vote: Utah’s Unique Place in the Suffrage Movement Katherine Kitterman 46 A Harmony of Voices: Negotiating Latter-day Saint Unity on Women’s Suffrage Rebekah Ryan Clark 71 The “New Woman” and the Woman’s Exponent: An Editorial Perspective Carol Cornwall Madsen 123 Belva Lockwood: “The Nerviest Woman in the United States,” Who Became the Latter-day Saints’ Irrepressible Advocate and Friend Melinda Evans 151 Making the Acquaintance of Eliza R. Snow: An Interview with Her Biographer, Jill Mulvay Derr Cherry Bushman Silver 177 A Treasure Trove of Research Resources about Historical Latter-day Saint Women Connie Lamb 187 Hope in a Time of Fracture: Turning the Tide Anne Snyder DOCUMENT 93 Emmeline Wells and the Suffrage Movement Edited by Cherry B. Silver and Sheree M. Bench ESSAYS 197 Why Well-Behaved Women Seldom Make History Laurel Thatcher Ulrich 204 Courtship Claudia L. Bushman 212 My Life in Art Richard Lyman Bushman POETRY 44 Psalter for the Eternal Mother Tyler Chadwick 150 Learning to Touch Marilyn Bushman-Carlton 186 Our Lady of the Unicorn Blanket-Cape Tyler Chadwick BOOK REVIEW 220 An Apostolic Journey: Stephen L Richards and the Expansion of Missionary Work in South America by Richard E. Turley Jr. and Clinton D. Christensen Reviewed by Elisa Eastwood Pulido In Memoriam, Armand L. Mauss (1928–2020) was saddened but not surprised by the recent passing of Armand L. I Mauss, an esteemed scholar, BYU Studies editorial board member, and a kind mentor to me. When I saw him last, he neither expected nor particularly wanted to live much longer. He had long since tempered his expectations for this life. His sights were set on the next one, especially after Ruth’s passing in 2018. There are few mentors and advisors I admire as much as Armand. To me he was a consummate combination of intellectual and spiritual, academic and advocate. Several fitting tributes have already been pub- lished. Much attention has been appropriately paid in them to his semi- nal books. I’m inclined, therefore, to draw a little attention to two of his lesser-known articles that have also profoundly shaped my thinking. Here is the first sentence of his 1969 article “Dimensions of Religious Defection:” “It is probably indicative of a bias in social science that reli- gious commitment is considered a research problem, but religious defection is not.”1 Since reading that and the argument that followed, I’ve been as interested in defection as in conversion, thinking of them as mirror images. Understanding one leads to understanding the other. I know of no histori- cal character who exemplifies both conversion and defection better than William E. McLellin, an early Latter-day Saint Apostle and apostate. I’ve read what McLellin wrote and what has been written about him. Armand authored the most penetrating insight in that entire bibliography. He applied a theory of competing selves to McLellin’s personality and behav- ior that can be profitably applied to other characters in their contexts.2 With Armand’s passing, we have lost not only an exemplary scholar but also a devoted friend and mentor to many. His scholarship was always balanced, informed, insightful, and enduring. Sometime in the near future, BYU Studies, inspired by Armand’s work, will dedicate a special issue to the questions surrounding religious conversion and defection. —Steven C. Harper, editor in chief 1. Armand L. Mauss, “Dimensions of Religious Defection,” Review of Religious Research 10, no. 3 (Spring 1969): 128–35. 2. Armand L. Mauss, “Apostasy and the Management of Spoiled Identity,” in The Politics of Religious Apostasy: The Role of Apostates in the Transformation of Religious Movements, ed. David G. Bromley (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998), 51–74. 4 BYU Studies Quarterly 59, no. 3 (2020) Editor’s Introduction Susan Elizabeth Howe t is with pride and gratitude that we present this issue of BYU Studies IQuarterly—pride in recognizing the 100th anniversary of the Nine- teenth Amendment to the United States Constitution giving women the right to vote and the 150th anniversary of the granting of that right to the women of Utah, and gratitude to the excellent historians, other writ- ers, and artists who have contributed to the issue. McArthur Krishna and Bethany Brady Spalding have written three books with the title Girls Who Choose God, and Kathleen Peterson, the artist whose work we feature on the cover, has illustrated those books. Katherine Kitterman and Rebekah Clark have spent the past two years working for Better Days 2020, researching and writing about the very topics that we take up in our issue. Carol Madsen has studied Emmeline B. Wells and the Woman’s Exponent throughout her distinguished career and has written not one but two stellar biographies about Emmeline. Sheree Bench and Cherry Silver’s current project is to edit and put online all of Emmeline’s diaries. Melinda Evans is an attorney and graduate of Stanford Law School, where she discovered Belva Lockwood’s courageous defense of the Church against unconstitutional laws regarding both polygamy and women’s suffrage. Jill Derr is the most knowledgeable person in the Church today about Eliza R. Snow and is in the process of writing a biography that will bring together the story of her long, productive life. Connie Lamb, senior librarian in the Harold B. Lee Library, is BYU’s women’s studies librarian and teaches library patrons how to do research. Anne Snyder is the editor in chief of Comment Magazine, the author of the book The Fabric of Character: A Wise Giver’s Guide to Renewing Our BYU Studies Quarterly 59, no. 3 (2020) 5 6 v BYU Studies Quarterly Social and Moral Landscape, a senior fellow of the Trinity Forum, and a fellow or board member of several other organizations that promote Christian thought in the development of leadership and social contracts to help unite our fragmented society. Laurel Ulrich, Claudia Bushman, and Richard Bushman need no introduction, having blessed us with monumental studies of early Americans, Mormon women, and Joseph Smith and received so many national awards for their groundbreaking work. Tyler Chadwick has edited two major collections of poetry by Latter-day Saint poets and published his own collection of poetry and essays, and Marilyn Bushman-Carlton has published three fine poetry collections. This gifted and accomplished group of people has made it possible for us to bring together what we think is a significant publica- tion to engage us, to inform us about significant history and the ideas that fueled it, and to lead us to consider how these stories and con- cepts may enlarge our sense of ourselves and the work we might do for the Lord. The last three decades of the nineteenth century were an excruciat- ing time in the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, when both men and women faced arrest and imprisonment for polyg- amy, when the Church’s very existence was threatened by the U.S. gov- ernment, and when the women citizens of Utah Territory achieved the right to vote, then saw it taken away, then reclaimed it in the state consti- tution twenty-four years before the women in most states were enfran- chised.