OPEN PUBLISHING IN THE HUMANITIES JOHANNES MOLZ A Close and Distant Reading of Shakespearean Intertextuality Towards a mixed methods approach for literary studies Johannes Molz A Close and Distant Reading of Shakespearean Intertextuality. Towards a Mixed Methods Approach for Literary Studies Open Publishing in the Humanities The publication series Open Publishing in the Humanities (OPH) enables to support the publication of selected theses submitted in the humanities and social sciences. This support package from LMU is designed to strengthen the Open Access principle among young researchers in the humanities and social sciences and is aimed speci f - cally at those young scholars who have yet to publish their theses and who are also particularly research-oriented. The OPH publication series is under the editorial management of Prof. Dr Hubertus Kohle and Prof. Dr Thomas Krefeld. The University Library of the LMU will publish selected theses submitted by out - standing junior LMU researchers in the humanities and social sciences both on Open Access and in print. https://oph.ub.uni-muenchen.de A Close and Distant Reading of Shakespearean Intertextuality Towards a mixed methods approach for literary studies by Johannes Molz Published by University Library of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München Funded by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Text © Johannes Molz 2020 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Graphics, tables and fgures may have diferent licenses. These will have been identifed in the caption to relevant content. First published 2020 Accepted as dissertation at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 2019 Cover image: Interior of the Livraria Lello, Porto, Portugal Photo by Ivo Rainha on Unplash, URL: https://unsplash.com/photos/0rzUepBXHN0, https://unsplash.com/license (last accessed 15.01.2020). Bibliographic information of the German National Library The German National Library lists the title in the German National Bibliography; to view detailed bibliographic information, visit http://dnb.dnb.de . Produced by: readbox unipress at readbox publishing GmbH Rheinische Str. 171 44147 Dortmund http://unipress.readbox.net For a free, open access version of this book visit http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-254321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5282/oph.4 978-3-95925-135-8 (Print version) 978-3-95925-136-5 (Online version) Open Data related to this publication available at Open Data LMU DOI: https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/data.177 Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... IX Summary ............................................................................................................................................ XI 1 Preliminary Matters .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Hypothesis and Research Questions ................................................................................... 3 1.2 Current State of Related Research ...................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Intertextuality ............................................................................................................. 4 1.2.2 Shakespearean Intertextuality .................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Intertextual Shakespeare .......................................................................................... 8 1.3 Relevance ............................................................................................................................... 9 2 Qualitative Shakespearean Intertextuality ..................................................................... 11 2.1 Qualitative Methodology .................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1 The Textual Corpora ................................................................................................. 12 2.1.1.1 The Problem of Representativeness ........................................................ 12 2.1.1.2 The Contemporary Corpus ....................................................................... 14 2.1.1.3 The Shakespearean Corpus ...................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Method ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2.1 General Taxonomy ..................................................................................... 17 2.1.2.2 Quote Spotting .......................................................................................... 18 2.1.2.3 Classifcation of the References ............................................................... 19 2.1.2.4 Documentation and Metrics .................................................................... 21 2.1.2.5 Distinguishing References from Idiomatic English ................................ 24 2.1.2.6 Intention and Use of the References ....................................................... 24 2.1.2.7 Quotation Strategies ................................................................................. 26 2.1.2.8 Appropriations and Adaptations ............................................................. 26 2.2 The Magical Realists ........................................................................................................... 28 2.2.1 Angela Carter (1940–1992) ..................................................................................... 29 2.2.1.1 Nights at the Circus ................................................................................... 30 2.2.1.2 Wise Children ............................................................................................. 32 2.2.1.3 Shakespeare in Carter’s Other Novels ..................................................... 37 2.2.1.4 Burning Your Boats .................................................................................... 38 2.2.1.5 Shaking a Leg ............................................................................................. 41 2.2.1.1 Angela Carter’s Quotation Strategy ......................................................... 43 2.2.2 Arundhati Roy (*1961) ............................................................................................. 44 2.2.2.1 The God of Small Things ........................................................................... 45 2.2.2.2 The Ministry of Utmost Happiness ......................................................... 46 2.2.2.3 Arundhati Roy’s Quotation Strategy ........................................................ 47 VI Contents 2.2.3 Salman Rushdie (*1947) .......................................................................................... 48 2.2.3.1 Shame .......................................................................................................... 48 2.2.3.2 The Satanic Verses ..................................................................................... 49 2.2.3.3 East, West .................................................................................................... 51 2.2.3.4 The Moor’s Last Sigh .................................................................................. 54 2.2.3.5 Fury .............................................................................................................. 56 2.2.3.6 Step Across this Line .................................................................................. 58 2.2.3.7 Joseph Anton ............................................................................................. 59 2.2.3.8 The Golden House ..................................................................................... 61 2.2.3.9 Shakespeare in the Rest of Rushdie’s Œuvre ........................................... 62 2.2.3.10 Salman Rushdie’s Quotation Strategy ..................................................... 63 2.2.4 Zadie Smith (*1975) ................................................................................................. 65 2.2.4.1 White Teeth ................................................................................................. 65 2.2.4.2 On Beauty ................................................................................................... 66 2.2.4.3 The Autograph Man, NW, Swing Time .................................................... 67 2.2.4.4 Zadie Smith’s Quotation Strategy ............................................................ 68 2.2.5 Results and Quotation Strategies of the Magical Realists ................................... 69 2.3 The Oxbridge Connection ................................................................................................. 71 2.3.1 Douglas Adams (1952–2001) .................................................................................. 71 2.3.1.1 The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy ...................................................... 71 2.3.1.2 Douglas Adams’s Quotation Strategy ...................................................... 73 2.3.2 Julian Barnes (*1946) ............................................................................................... 73 2.3.2.1 Talking it