Plant Archives Vol. 20 No. 1, 2020 pp. 1543-1549 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 SCENARIO OF MAJOR OILSEED CROP IN AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA Shubh Laxmi* and R.M. Sahu1 *School of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, LPU, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. 1Jawahar Lal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalay, Jabalpur (M.P.), India. Abstract Oilseed crops are the second utmost important supporting factor of agricultural economy, succeeding only to cereals. Oilseed crops add a considerable share to the agricultural GDP. Nine oilseeds are the main supply source of vegetable oils in the country. Annually oilseeds are ploughed over 26.67 million hectares of area yielding 30.06 million tonnes annually (quinquennium ending 2016-17). Oilseeds are cultivated mostly under rainfed environment (70%) (NMOOP, 2018). Soybean, groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, sunflower, sesame, safflower and niger are primary source of edible oil and castor and linseed are non eatable oils. India is yielding about 7-8 million tons of vegetable oils from prime sources and 3 million tons of vegetable oil is being harnessed from secondary sources like cottonseed, rice bran, coconut, Tree Borne Oilseeds and Oil Palm). India ranks first in the production of groundnut, second in rapeseed-mustard, and fifth in soybean (NMOOP, 2018). Main aim of this study was to know the present situation of oilseed crop in different Agro climatic zones. The study based on time-series data of area, production and yield of major oilseed crops of Madhya Pradesh (Soybean, Rapeseed & Mustard, Sesame and Groundnut) and for the calculation of absolute and relative change in different Agro climatic regions. Result shows that amongst the different Agro climatic regions of Madhya Pradesh, soybean area was recorded high in Malwa Plateau, Gird region registered maximum area under rapeseed and mustard, Bundelkhand registered maximum area under both sesame and groundnut crop. Key words: Soybean, Rapeseed & Mustard, Sesame, Groundnut, Absolute change, Relative change etc. Introduction has been growing just by about 2% per annum. Insufficient “Yellow Revolution” during early 1990’s was the and unfair crop nutrition, the slow pace in covering the reason for achieving self-adequacy in oilseed. The yield gap and absence of adoption of the suitable requirement for edible and non-edible oils together is agronomic practices and available technologies are some increasing due to different contributing factors like of the key issues associated to the production of oilseed increasing income, population and urbanization. Nine crops. As a result, there is largely decline in the per capita oilseeds (soyabean, Rapeseed & Mustard, sesame, availability of edible oils. Oilseed cultivation in India is groundnut, safflower, sunflower, linseed, niger and castor) mainly dependent on rainfall and this leads to a higher are the primary source of vegetable oils. Rice bran, magnitude of variability in production of oilseeds. India is cottonseed, coconut, Oil Palm and Tree Borne Oilseeds profoundly dependent on imports to meet its edible oil (TBOs) are secondary sources of vegetable oil. Amongst needs, despite being the fifth largest oilseed crop producing diverse oilseeds in the country, soybean, rapeseed- country in the world. India is largest importer of vegetable mustard and groundnut report for about 80 per cent of oils in the world (15% share) followed by China & USA. area and 87 per cent of production of oilseed (2010-11). From the imported edible oils, share of palm oil is about Despite the leading position of country in the global oilseed, 60% followed by soybean oil with a share of 25% and the actual yield of oilseeds is very low. At national level sunflower (12% ). During the last decades import growth demand for fats and vegetable oil has been increasing in respect of edible oils is about 174%. The import number speedily at the rate of 6% per annum, but inland output of edible oils during 2015-16 reveals that India imported *Author for correspondence : E-mail : [email protected] a total of 15.88 million tonnes of oilseed and vegetable oil 1544 Shubh Laxmi and R.M. Sahu products worthing Rs. 69331.96 crore (NMOOP, 2018). Yn = Mean value (area, production and yield) for the Thus, there is a kind of virtual unproductivity in most last triennium ending. oilseed crops. It is unfortunate that the level of production Yo = Mean value (area, production and yield) for the that is attainable with the accessible technology is not first (base) triennium ending. being realized due lack of adoption of technologies by The absolute change have been performed for eleven the oilseed cultivators. Agriculture growth in Madhya agroclimatic zones and four oilseed crop. Pradesh (MP) during the decade long period of 2005-06 to 2014-15 was around 9.7 percent per annum. Which is Relative change the highest growth rate recorded in agriculture by any In addition to absolute change, relative change has major state of India over a ten year period. Madhya also been included in the present study. Absolute change Pradesh stretch over 30.8 million hectares of land and fails to shows a comparative change among the variables. consists of around 6.0 percent of India’s population. The Relative changes have been worked out by the index state is predominantly an agricultural state, with almost number, which is a good measure of relative performance. 70 percent of its workforce involved in agriculture, much Relative change = Y - Y / Y × 100 (ii) more than all India average of 55 percent (Agriculture n o o Madhya Pradesh, 2018). The study was formulated with This measure has been driven for the variables for the objectives of analyze and relate the performance of which absolute change has been worked out. Agro climatic regions with the performance of Madhya Absolute and Relative changes in Different Pradesh. Agroclimatic zones of the Madhya Pradesh Materials and methods A crop wise discussion on absolute and relative changes in area, production and productivity in different Agro climatic zones as units of research, because in Agro climatic regions of state have been carried out in Madhya Pradesh, a marked deviation exists in soil and the following sections. climate which divided the state in eleven distinct Agroclimatic zones, which lead to great variation in Results and Discussion farming patterns and growth rates in area, production Soybean and yield in different parts of the state. In order to make The absolute and relative changes of soybean area the changes easily understandable, different districts were among different Agro climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh grouped under the following zones instead of accounting have discovered an increasing trend over the last 18 years them separately. excluding in the Northern hill Regions of Chhattisgarh, The study has used time-series data of area, Chhattisgarh Plains and Central Narmada Valley as production and yield of major oilseed crops like Soybean, presented in Table 1. It may be observed from the table Rapeseed & Mustard, Sesame and Groundnut. Data that there has been 1809.367 thousand ha areas bring obtained from published sources from various issues of under cultivation in the state. So there was an increase Agricultural Statistics published by Directorate of Land of 59.854 percent in the current period above the base Record and Directorate of Farmer Welfare and period in the M.P. Amongst the different Agro climatic Agriculture Development, Madhya Pradesh. This study regions of Madhya Pradesh, soybean area was recorded covers the period 1991-92 to 2007-08. high in Malwa Plateau, supported by Vindhya Plateau, Analytical Tools Nimar Plains, Gird Region, Satpura Plateau, Central Absolute change Narmada Valley and Kymore Plateau & Satpura hills. Malwa Plateau placed first in terms of absolute increase This methods is used for analyzing comparison into in the area (824.067 thousand ha), followed by Vindhya change over time/state/crop is by estimation of absolute Plateau, Nimar Plains and Gird Region, whereas Kymore change. For measuring the absolute change in area, Plateau & Satpura hills showed the lowest increase (2.350 production and yield, the mean value of each of these thousand ha) in area between two periods. Nimar Plains elements for the first (base) and the last (current) had the maximum increase (629.636%) in the current triennium ending 1991-92 to 2007-08 are used. Absolute period over the base period, supported by Gird region change in area, production and productivity are conducted (230.287%), Jhabua hills (93.040%), Vindhya Plateau by the formula :- (67.852%), Malwa Plateau (54.169%), Bundelkhand Absolute change = Yn - Yo (1) (20.968%) and Satpura Plateau (20.952%). Where, Agro climatic regions registered an increasing trend Chhattisgarh, Bundelkhand, Kymore Plateau & Satpura & Plateau Kymore Bundelkhand, Chhattisgarh, by followed Malwa Plateau, Northern hill Regions of note that Gird Region has maintained its supremacy, (27.500ha). thousand & Satpura hill (16.867 thousand ha), ChhattisgarhBundelkhand (37.733 thousand ha), Kymore Plateau (55.233 thousand ha),(376.367 Northernthousand ha), followed hillby Malwa PlateauRegions largest area the occupied Gird basethe Region period, of Madhya Pradesh. It is evident from the table that in rapeseed & mustard in of all Agroproductivity and climatic production area, in regions changes of relative Rapeseed & Mustard (27.274%). by Gird Region (43.655%) followed firstincrease, (70.217%) in relative recorded and Satpura PlateauVindhya Plateau (118.467(142.028 kg/ha), Malwa Plateau (133.882kg/ha). kg/ha) and Nimar PlainsPlateau (244.802 kg/ha), Central kg/ha), Chhattisgarh Plains Narmada(250.000 kg/ha), Satpura Valley (421.567 kg/ha), supported by Gird Region (304.333 recorded Plains theNimar Chhattisgarh. highest of Regions increasehill Northern inand yield of soybean registered increased productivity except Bundelkhand or nearly 15.059 percent. All Agro climatic regions is 135.333 of rise This periods. kg/ha two the between has risen up from 898.667 kg/ha to 1034.000 kg/ha tonnes in period.