Essay Book Review God and Evolution: A Review of Four Bethany Sollereder Contemporary Books Bethany Sollereder Of the four SAVING DARWIN: How to Be a Christian and Believe in Evolution by Karl W. Giberson. New York: HarperOne, 2008. 248 pages, notes, index. books here Hardcover; $24.95. ISBN: 0061228788. reviewed, ONLY A THEORY: Evolution and the Battle for America’s Soul by Kenneth R. Miller. New York: Viking Adult, 2008. 244 pages, notes, index. [I think that] Hardcover; $25.95. ISBN: 067001883X. Lamoureux’s THANK GOD FOR EVOLUTION: How the Marriage of Science and Religion Will Transform Your Life and Our World by Michael Dowd. and Miller’s New York: Viking Adult, 2008. 413 pages, appendices, index. Hardcover; $24.95. ISBN: 0670020451. are very EVOLUTIONARY CREATION: A Christian Approach to Evolution helpful, by Denis O. Lamoureux. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2008. 493 pages, appendices, notes, glossary, index. Paperback; $55.00. ISBN: 1556355815. Giberson’s is adequately so ver the last ten years, there has tion in Christ for two millennia without but repetitive O been an inundation of books needing to have a perfect understanding published on the interface be- of the process of origins. Why should within the tween science and religion. With the readers put time and effort into trying to approach of the one hundred fiftieth disentangle this issue? field, and anniversary of Darwin’s publication of Origin of Species in November and his As a Bible college student in Canada, Dowd’s two hundredth birthday in February, the the evolution debate was completely topic of evolution is again being pushed outside my range of interests. I was not is entirely to the forefront of public thought. It de- a scientist, and I had no grounds on serves to be asked why this topic should which to disagree with the science of off the mark. be of concern to evangelical readers. Af- the evolutionists or of the young-earth ter all, people have been finding salva- creationists. It was not until I was shown that the debate is often funda- Bethany Sollereder received a B.A. in intercultural studies from Vanguard mentally a hermeneutical issue that I was College in Edmonton, Canada, and has spent time on the mission field in both China and Thailand. She is currently working on a Masters in drawn in. Questions like “What is the Christian Studies at Regent College in Vancouver, where her studies focus nature of the first chapters of Genesis?” on evolutionary theodicy from an evangelical perspective. She has been an and “How does God communicate with eager participant in the dialogue between science and religion ever since his people?” were questions that were she realized it would allow her to spend more time in Genesis. Bethany is applicable to my daily reading of the a student associate of the CSCA and she can be contacted by e-mail at: Bible. [email protected] 40 Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith Bethany Sollereder This paper will compare four new books which with a thoughtful and helpful picture of the man. have been published in the last year: Karl Giber- Neither a hardened atheist vehemently trying to son’s Saving Darwin, Kenneth Miller’s Only a Theory, disprove God nor a deathbed convert who recants Michael Dowd’s Thank God for Evolution, and Denis his life’s work at the last moment, Darwin is shown Lamoureux’s Evolutionary Creation. I will compare to be a reluctant convert to agnosticism after years and contrast their approaches to the science and reli- of agonizing over the evidence for evolution and gion debate primarily by evaluating their helpful- the cruelties of nature. ness to the average Christian who wants to know how the Bible interacts with science, and how to From this starting point, Giberson traces the his- integrate these two disciplines hermeneutically. tory of this contentious theory in America. Ellen White and the Seventh-Day Adventists, the mon- key-Scopes trial, the writing of Whitcomb and Morris’ The Genesis Flood, and Phillip Johnson’s Saving Darwin transformation of creationism into the so-called Karl Giberson is a professor at Eastern Nazarene Intelligent Design (ID) theory all make an appear- College where he teaches the history of science ance.5 The last two chapters of the book cover some and religion. He holds a doctorate in physics from of the arguments against the ID movement and Rice University. He is the director of the forum on some of the excesses of atheist fundamentalists, faith and science at Gordon College, and is the like Richard Dawkins, and give an explanation of co-director of the Venice Summer School on Science evolutionary theory. Giberson presents only a brief and Religion. Saving Darwin is his fourth book on introduction to each subject, and the overall result is the evolution vs. creation controversy. a string of necessarily weak arguments lined up without adequate explanation or proof. The reader Giberson’s book explodes off the blocks. With a is reminded of the theological claims abandoned in subtitle of “How to Be a Christian and Believe in the introduction. Evolution” expectations are set very high. In the introduction, Giberson tells the story of how he, as a It is unclear who the primary audience is meant “teenage fundamentalist” Christian, came to peace to be. If the book was written for a popular audience with evolution.1 He also sets forth three provocative to teach them how to hold evolution and Christian- theological points. First, he rejects the literal inter- ity in balance, it should have dealt with the primary pretation of the six days of creation.2 Second, he concern of a popular audience: how to read the Bible dismisses the historicity of the Fall of humanity, in a way that can accept the conclusions of science. generalizing it into a basic principle of human In Mark Noll’s words, “the appeal to Scripture nature.3 Third, he states that we should begin to remains the heart of creationism,”6 and so the anti- widen our understanding of what it means to be dote to creationism must make a similar appeal. A made in the image of God, extending this label even call to embrace evolution without an accompanying to other species, such as some of the great apes or, introduction to a new hermeneutic will not help a indeed, any species that shows cognitive awareness popular audience. Giberson himself acknowledges and altruistic behavior.4 Thewaythesethreepoints that “reflection on the evolution controversy con- are introduced gives the reader the impression that vinces me that the conflict is only tangentially scien- the book will further explore these issues in relation tific. Those who would adjudicate this dispute by to the biblical witness and expand on why these appealing to science are wasting their time.”7 three changes should be made. It is a teaser that is Despite this recognition, he does not once deal with never fulfilled. The book is actually a history of evo- issues of the inerrancy of Scripture or the nature of lutionary theory and its acceptance (or lack thereof) Genesis. As a result, Giberson loses what could have in America. These three important conclusions are been a very helpful book for the average layperson. simply stated in the introduction and then never re-explored, explained, or challenged. The book is a fine example of a history of Darwin- ism8 in America (of which there are already many9), The book begins in earnest with Darwin himself. but that hardly accounts for the subtitle. It fails to Giberson weaves his way through the myths and stand out in the already crowded discussion sur- legends surrounding the great scientist, and emerges rounding science and religion. Volume 61, Number 1, March 2009 41 Essay Book Review God and Evolution: A Review of Four Contemporary Books Only a Theory challenge is, in reality, dangerously undermining Kenneth Miller is a biology professor at Brown thebasisofscienceitself.Thecrisiscausedbythe University. He has written several high school and ID movement is shown to be closely related to the college level textbooks that are used nationwide, relativism that wreaked havoc in the humanities as as well as the popular book Finding Darwin’s God outlined in Alan Bloom’s The Closing of the American (2000). He testified in the 2004 Atlanta trial concern- Mind (1987). The quest for truth is abandoned in ing his book Biology, co-authored with Joseph Levine, favor of a scheme where tolerance is the highest and was the opening witness at the September 2005 value. As a result, everything becomes relativized. Dover trial on the teaching of ID theory in public For this to happen in the sciences, Miller argues, it schools. would mean a total redefinition of science. In short, the ID movement theorists and their Wedge docu- Only a Theory is an incisive exposé of the ID ment will have achieved their purpose.16 What is movement.10 In the first five chapters, Miller pres- needed instead is for evolutionary science to be ents the case for ID, knocks it down, and then builds divorced from the politics of the day so that it can a case for evolution. The last three chapters deal continue correcting itself through established scien- with the politics and organization of the ID move- tific methods. ment, how scientific theories end up on trial in courtrooms, and musings on the future of science The book ends with a rumination on the power of in America. story. The ID movement tells us that life has mean- ing and purpose—that we were meant to be here First, Miller goes through each of the “so-called and are specially designed for life.