UC CAR Weekly Newsletter 1.8.2021 Welcome to the first weekly newsletter of 2021 from the Center for Addiction Research! Each newsletter includes highlights from Addiction in the News topics, active funding opportunities offered by NIDA/NIAAA as well as “CAR Member New Publications”. Thank you for your interest in the Center for Addiction Research - our mission is to accelerate scientific progress in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders and their consequences by fostering research collaborations across: 1) UC departments, colleges, and centers including Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; 2) Local, regional, and state community and governmental partners; and 3) Other academic institutions and industry." January 8, 2021 Addiction in the News CDC Reports Record Number Of Drug Overdose Deaths In A 12-Month Period. Fox News (12/18, Rivas, 23.99M) reported “there were more than 81,000 drug overdose deaths in the U.S. in the year leading up to May 2020, which surpassed record highs, according to a grim update from the” CDC. Even though “drug-related fatalities were already on the rise, the national health agency suggested the novel coronavirus pandemic exacerbated the issue.” CDC Director Robert Redfield said, “The disruption to daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic has hit those with substance use disorder hard. ... As we continue the fight to end this pandemic, it’s important to not lose sight of different groups being affected in other ways. We need to take care of people suffering from unintended consequences.” National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Director Deb Houry “called the uptick in deaths concerning.” The Washington Times (12/18, Tan, 626K) reported “synthetic opioids, mainly fentanyl, seem to be driving the increases in overdose deaths, according to the CDC, jumping more than 38% from the 12-month period ending June 2019 to the yearlong period ending in May.” Furthermore, “during this period, 37 of 38 jurisdictions in the U.S. with relevant data reported increases in synthetic opioid- related overdose deaths with 18 of them reporting increases exceeding 50%.” Some Experts Fear Pandemic Could Worsen Suicide Rates Among Youth Living On Native American Reservations. TIME (12/21, Reardon, 18.1M) reports, “Youth suicide rates have been increasing in the U.S. over the past decade.” Between the years “2007 and 2017, the rate nearly tripled for children aged 10 to 14, and rose 76% among 15- to 19-year-olds, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” SOme “mental health experts fear the pandemic could make things worse, particularly for kids who live on rural native American reservations.” Don Wetzel, tribal liaison for the Montana Office of Public Instruction and a member of the Blackfeet Nation, said, “I think if you want to look at resiliency in this country, you look at our Native Americans.” In Montana, there have been “231 suicides this year, with the highest rates occurring in rural counties,” and “those numbers aren’t much different from a typical year, says Karl Rosston, suicide prevention coordinator for the state’s Department of Public Health and Human Services.” Mobile Addiction Units Serve Rural Towns to Help Those With Addiction A group of specialized Winnebago RVs are traveling to the rural areas in Colorado. And while they may look like your standard RV on the outside, on the inside they are a safe haven for those trying to overcome addiction. These mobile addiction units are equipped with people who can help: a nurse, counselor, and peer support. TABC Arizona 15 >>> Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated With At-Risk Drinking, Cannabis And Illicit Drug Use In Females But Not Males: An Emergency Department Study Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with adult substance use in the general population and understanding how ACEs are associated with substance use among urban Emergency Department (ED) patients could help inform design of effective screening, brief interventions, and referral to treatment. This study estimated gender differences in the prevalence of separate and cumulative ACEs among a sample of urban ED patients to assess an association with at-risk drinking, cannabis, and illicit drug use. The findings indicate that ACEs (separate and cumulative) are associated with greater odds of substance use among female than in male ED patients. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse >>> Artificial Intelligence-Based Tool May Help Diagnose Opioid Addiction Earlier Researchers have used artificial intelligence to develop a prediction model which led to a diagnosis of opioid use disorder about 14.4 months earlier than when diagnosed clinically. The model was generated from information of 10 million medical insurance claims, 550,000 patient records, spanning from 2006 through 2018. It relied on data such as demographics, chronic conditions, diagnoses and procedures, and medication prescriptions. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives >>> Pandemic Pushes Back Historic Opioid Lawsuit. The Washington Post (12/26, Kornfield, 10.52M) reported the pandemic has stalled landmark opioid litigation filed by “more than 3,000 cities, towns, Native American tribes and other groups.” Two federal trials have been “delayed – a May 2021 trial in Cleveland against pharmacy chains was pushed to next October and a January trial in West Virginia was put off with no rescheduled date.” Meanwhile, the pandemic has “worsened the opioid crisis, which has caused more than 400,000 overdose deaths in the past two decades.” Feinstein: ONDCP Must Declare Meth An Emerging Drug Threat. In a Los Angeles Times (12/29, 3.37M) op-ed, Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) urges action to address the growing epidemic of methamphetamine addiction, including support for the Methamphetamine Response Act introduced by Feinstein and Sen. Charles E. Grassley (R-IA) this past fall. Feinstein calls for the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy to declare meth an emerging drug threat, and to develop and implement a plan to address its use that includes not only law enforcement efforts, but prevention and treatment programs. Feinstein points out that a directive to finalize regulations for designating emerging drug threats was passed Sunday as part of the end-of-year omnibus bill, and says that the drug control policy office should “finish that work as quickly as possible.” Feinstein cites CDC data that found that in a nine year period, there was a 43% increase in the number of people admitted nationwide for meth-related treatment, and DEA data that show meth availability has been growing as prices declined. Researchers In San Antonio Discover How Alcohol Limits The Ability To Pay Attention. KSAT-TV San Antonio (12/31, Talbot, 440K) reports, “A new study published by researchers at UT Health San Antonio” discovered how alcohol “impacts a person’s decision-making under the influence.” The study (12/2, Ye, 194K), which received partial funding from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute of Mental Health, “was published earlier this month in Nature Communications.” Researchers studied a cell type in mice’s brains called astrocytes and “found that when under the influence of alcohol, the body does not activate norepinephrine, which in turn does not increase calcium production.” Pandemic Mental Health: Entering The ‘Fourth Wave’? MedPage Today (12/31, Hlavinka, 183K) reported, “Earlier this year, experts warned of a rise in suicides, overdose deaths, and mental health problems resulting from COVID-19 and its economic and social stressors,” and in an update, MedPage Today looked “at how views have evolved with a vaccine now on the horizon.” LatinX and Black “individuals, along with Native Americans, have been disproportionately killed by COVID-19,” but “many patients of color don’t have access to providers who look like them,” according to one expert. What’s more, in order “to increase access for substance use disorder, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration...loosened regulations on prescribing medication-assisted treatment to include telemedicine providers.” Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, part of the NIH, Nora Volkow, MD, said that “patients with mental illness and substance use are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, adding to this population’s vulnerability.” Overcoming Addiction Has Reportedly Become More Difficult Amid Pandemic. The New York Times (1/4, Goldberg, 20.6M) reports “addiction is often referred to as a disease of isolation, and overcoming that challenge has only become more difficult during a pandemic that has forced people indoors – in some cases to live lonely lives, with drugs and alcohol as a way to cope with the stress.” Some “studies have shown that binge drinking has increased during the pandemic, and a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cited a ‘concerning acceleration’ of opioid-related overdoses last year.” Meanwhile, “many treatment centers have closed down or limited in-person visits.” Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder May Have A Genetic Liability Which Increases Risk For Opioid Use. Neurology Advisor (1/4, Nye) reports, “Researchers from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism observed a potential genetic link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety and stress-related disorders (ASRD) with increased prescription opioid use.” In a “single-variable model,” the “risk for opioid use was increased among individuals with MDD.” The findings were published in JAMA Psychiatry. Even ‘Light’ Smoking Can Quickly Become Addictive. HealthDay (1/4, 11K) reports, “A new study finds that people who are casual cigarette smokers can also be addicted to nicotine.” In “the study, the researchers examined data from more than 6,700 smokers who had been assessed to see if they met the DSM-5 criteria for tobacco use disorder,” and “found that 85% of daily cigarette smokers were addicted to nicotine.” The findings were published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.