06/07 Study Guide Sweet Honey in the Rock Friday, April 27, 2007, at 11:00 a.m. SchoolTime Zellerbach Hall About Cal Performances and SchoolTime The mission of Cal Performances is to inspire, nurture and sustain a lifelong appreciation for the performing arts. Cal Performances, the performing arts presenter of the University of California, Berkeley, fulfi lls this mission by presenting, producing and commissioning outstanding artists, both renowned and emerging, to serve the University and the broader public through performances and education and community programs. In 2005/06 Cal Performances celebrated 100 years on the UC Berkeley Campus. Our SchoolTime program cultivates an early appreciation for and understanding of the performing arts amongst our youngest audiences, with hour-long, daytime performances by the same world-class artists who perform as part of the main season. Teachers have come to rely on SchoolTime as an integral and important part of the academic year. Sponsors of Cal Performances Education and Community Programs Cal Performances’ Education and Community Programs are supported by Berkeley Community Fund, California Arts Council, California Savings Bank, Citigroup Foundation, City of Berkeley Civic Arts Program, East Bay Community Foundation, Robert J. and Helen H. Glaser Family Foundation, Walter & Elise Haas Fund, McKesson Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts, The San Francisco Foundation, The Wallace Foundation, Western States Arts Federation, The Zellerbach Family Foundation. II | SchoolTime Sweet Honey in the Rock Welcome April 4, 2007 Dear Educator and Students, Welcome to SchoolTime! On Friday, April 27, 2007, at 11:00 a.m., you will attend the SchoolTime performance Sweet Honey in the Rock at Zellerbach Hall on the UC Berkeley campus. This powerful a cappella ensemble performs traditional songs and original compositions that address many critical issues in today’s society, including freedom, justice, work and equality. Their work refl ects the strong legacy of African American music in America, especially the infl uence of spirituals. The information included here explores the work and art of this remarkable singing group, providing a context for the performance. Your students will learn about the history of African American song traditions, the art form of a cappella singing, and some of the specifi c songs written by the members of Sweet Honey in the Rock. Your students can actively participate at the performance by: • OBSERVING the many ways the singers communicate the message of the song • LISTENING to the harmonies as the performers weave their voices together • THINKING ABOUT how the singers communicate with each other and the audience • REFLECTING on what you have learned about African American music and the power of song We look forward to seeing you at the theater! Sincerely, Laura Abram s Rica Anderson Director, Education Education Programs Administrator & Community Programs SchoolTime Sweet Honey in the Rock | III Table of Contents 1. Theater Etiquette 1 2. About the Performance 2 3. About the Artists 4 4. Selected Song Lyrics 8 5. About the Art Form 11 6. Historical Background 15 7. Learning Activities 18 8. Glossary 22 9. California State Standards 24 IV | SchoolTime Sweet Honey in the Rock Sweet Honey In The Rock in 2002 with founder Bernice Johnson Reagon (center). 1 Theater Etiquette Be prepared and arrive early Ideally you should arrive at the theater 30 to 45 minutes before the show. Allow for travel time and parking, so that you can be seated at least 15 minutes before the performance begins. Be aware and remain quiet The theater is a “live” space—you can hear the performers easily, but they can also hear you, and you can hear other audience members, too! Even the smallest sounds, like rustling papers and whispering can be heard throughout the theater—so it’s best to stay quiet so that everyone can enjoy the performance without distractions. The international sign for “Quiet Please” is to silently raise your index fi nger to your lips. Show appreciation by applauding Applause is the best way to show your enthusiasm and appreciation. Performers return their appreciation for your attention by bowing to the audience at the end of the show. It is always appropriate to applaud at the end of a performance, and it is customary to continue clapping until the curtain comes down or the house lights come up. Participate by responding to the action onstage Sometimes during a performance, you may respond by laughing, crying or sighing. By all means, feel free to do so! Appreciation can be shown in many different ways, depending upon the art form. For instance, an audience attending a string quartet performance will sit very quietly, while the audience at a gospel concert may be inspired to participate by clapping and shouting. Concentrate to help the performers Performers use concentration to focus their energy while on stage. If the audience is focused while watching the performance, the artists feel supported and are able to do their best work. They can feel that you are with them! Please note: Backpacks and lunches are not permitted in the theater. Bags will be provided for lobby storage in the event that you bring these with you. There is absolutely no food or drink permitted in the seating areas. Recording devices of any kind, including cameras, cannot be used during performances. Please remember to turn off your cell phone. SchoolTime Sweet Honey in the Rock | 1 2 About the Performance Guiding Questions: ♦ What will you experience at a Sweet Honey concert? ♦ How have the artists used their art to effect social or political change? ♦ What is the role of the sign language interpreter in Sweet Honey in the Rock’s performance? Founded in 1973 by Dr. Bernice Johnson Reagon, Sweet Honey In The Rock is a Grammy Award-winning African American female a cappella ensemble with deep musical roots in the sacred music of the black church – spirituals, hymns, gospel – as well as jazz and blues. The Sweet Honey experience is like no other. Six African American women join their powerful voices, along with hand percussion instruments, to create a blend of lyrics, movement and narrative that the complex sounds of blues, spirituals, variously relate history, point the fi nger traditional gospel hymns, rap, reggae, at injustice, encourage activism, and sing African chants, hip hop, ancient lullabies, the praises of love. The music speaks out and jazz improvisation. Sweet Honey’s against oppression and exploitation of collective voice, occasionally accompanied every kind. The sextet, whose words are by hand percussion instruments, simultaneously interpreted in uniquely produces a sound fi lled with soulful expressive American Sign Language, harmonies and intricate rhythms. demands a just and humane world for all. In the best and in the hardest of After 30 years of leading and singing with times, Sweet Honey in the Rock has come the ensemble, Dr. Reagon retired from in song to communities across the United Sweet Honey in February 2004. States, and around the world raising the Rooted in a deeply held commitment voice of hope, love, justice, peace and to create music out of the rich textures of resistance. Sweet Honey invites audiences African American legacy and traditions, to open their minds and hearts and think Sweet Honey in the Rock possesses a about who we are and what we do to one stunning vocal prowess that captures another and to our fellow creatures on this planet. 2 | Singing Style Sweet Honey in the Rock sings in the a cappella style, which means the human voice is the sole instrument used for all the melodies and harmonies. The only instruments used are for rhythm, including shekeres (gourds with beads netted on the outside to produce a rattle sound), rainsticks (a stick with seeds inside that make a rain-like sound when the stick is inverted or shaken), drums, cowbells and hand-held rattles. A cappella singers must have excellent pitch, and be able to sing contrasting harmony with other singers. A cappella groups come in all sizes, though the quartet is the most traditional version. Sweet Honey in the Rock currently utilizes six voices in its harmonies. A seventh performer simultaneously signs the lyrics in American Sign Language. Clockwise from left: rainstick, shekeres and cowbell SchoolTime Sweet Honey in the Rock | 3 3 About the Artists Guiding Questions: Growing up in Southwest Georgia, Bernice Johnson Reagon, heard this song ♦ What personal experiences have sung by quartets. She called together a infl uenced the artists? group of the strongest singers from her ♦ What kinds of messages can be vocal workshop with the Washington, D.C. communicated through in music? Black Repertory Company. The fi rst song she taught the group was “Sweet Honey in ♦ How are Sweet Honey In The Rock’s the Rock.” songs like conversations? “After they got the chorus harmony just right, I said, that’s the name of the The Ensemble group, then I had to call my father, a Sweet Honey in the Rock is a dynamic, Baptist minister, and asked him the all-female, Grammy Award-winning song’s meaning. He told me that it was a singing group that makes soul-stirring sacred parable (a simple story illustrating music using the might and majesty a moral or religious lesson), and that the of their voices. While preserving and parable itself was not found in the Bible, celebrating African and African American but it told of a land so rich that when you culture through song, Sweet Honey’s cracked the rocks, honey fl owed from music also shares history, fi ghts injustice, them.” encourages standing up for your own As a name, Sweet Honey in the Rock beliefs, and celebrates freedom, love and speaks clearly to the journey of the group respect for all life in the universe.