APPENDIX A LIST OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS C Degrees Celsius AFB Air Force Base F Degrees Fahrenheit AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineer- K Degrees Kelvin ing and the Environment (pre- (aq) Aqueous phase viously the Air Force Center for (g) Gas phase Environmental Excellence) (s) Solid phase ANT Anthracene mg Microgram(s) AOP Advanced oxidation process mg/kg Microgram(s) per kilogram ARAMS Adaptive Risk Management mg/L Microgram(s) per liter Modeling System mm Micrometer ARAR Applicable or relevant and mM Micromolar appropriate requirements 1,1-DCA 1,1-Dichloroethane AS Air sparging 1,1-DCE 1,1-Dichloroethene ASCE American Society for Civil 1,2-DCA 1,2-Dichloroethane Engineering 1,1,1-TCA 1,1,1-Trichloroethane ASTM American Society for Testing 1,1,2-TCA 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and Materials 1,1,1,2-TeCA 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane atm Atmosphere 1,1,2,2-TeCA 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances 1,2,4-TMB 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene and Disease Registry 1,3,5-TMB 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene BaA Benz(a)anthracene 1-D One dimensional BaP Benzo(a)pyrene 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid BbF Benzo(b)fluoranthene 2,4,5-T 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic bgs Below ground surface acid BkF Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2-CP 2-Chlorophenol BPLM By-product like material 2-D Two dimensional BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylben- 3-D Three dimensional zene, and total xylenes AACE Association for the Advance- BTOC Below top of casing ment of Cost Engineering CAD Computer aided design AACEI American Association of the CB Chlorobenzene Advancement of Cost Engi- CCMS Committee on Challenges for neering International Modern Society ACC American Chemistry Council CDISCO Conceptual Design for ISCO ACE Acenaphthene CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental ACL Alternative (risk-based) Response, Compensation, and cleanup level Liability Act R.L. Siegrist et al. (eds.), In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation, 547 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4, # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 548 List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols CFR Code of Federal Regulations EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic CFU Colony forming units acid CHP Catalyzed hydrogen peroxide EFR Enhanced fluid recovery CHR Chrysene Eh Redox potential cis-DCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene EISB Enhanced in situ cm Centimeter bioremediation cm/s Centimeter(s) per second EPCRA Emergency Planning and CMC Critical micelle concentration Community Right to Know Act CMT Continuous multichannel EPRI Electrical Power Research tubing Institute COC Contaminant of concern ERD Enhanced reductive dechlori- COD Chemical oxygen demand nation CORT3D Chemical oxidation reactive ERI Electrical resistivity imaging transport in three-dimensions ESTCP Environmental Security Tech- CP Cone penetrometer nology Certification Program CPT Cone penetrometer testing FA Fulvic acid CSI Construction Specification FID Flame ionization detector Institute FLA Fluoranthene CSIA Compound specific isotopic FLU Fluorine analysis foc Fractional organic carbon CSM Conceptual site model content CSTR Continuously stirred tank FRTR Federal Remediation reactor Technology Roundtable CT Carbon tetrachloride FS Feasibility Study CTL Cleanup target level ft Feet cu ft Cubic feet ft/d Feet per day CVOC Chlorinated volatile organic g Gram compound G&A General and administrative cy Cubic yard g/cm3 Gram(s) per cubic centimeter d Day g/kg Gram(s) per kilogram DCDD 2,7-Dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin g/L Gram(s) per liter DCE Dichloroethene g/mol Gram(s) per mole DI Deionized gal Gallon(s) DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid GAO U.S. Government Accountabil- DNAPL Dense nonaqueous phase liquid ity Office DNT Dinitrotoluene GC Gas chromatography/ DO Dissolved oxygen chromatograph DOC Dissolved organic carbon GHG Greenhouse gas DoD Department of Defense gpm Gallon(s) per minute DOE U.S. Department of Energy GW Groundwater DPE Dual phase extraction HA Humic acid DPT Direct push technology ha Hectare DQO Data quality objective HAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations DRO Diesel-range organics and Emergency Response DWP Dynamic work plan HBCD Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin E Standard reduction potential HCA Hexachloroethane Ea Activation energy HCBD Hexachlorobutadiene ea Each HEDPA 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-dipho- Ec Specific conductance sphonic acid EC Electrical conductivity HMP Hexametaphosphate ECD Electron capture detector HMX Tetrahexamine tetranitramine List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols 549 h Hour min Minute HSM model Hoigne´, Staehelin and Bader MIP Membrane interface probe model mL Milliliter IDQTF Intergovernmental Data MLS Multi level sampler Quality Task Force mm Millimeter IDW Investigative derived waste mM Millimolar in. Inch mmol Millimole ISCO In situ chemical oxidation MNA Monitored natural attenuation ISCR In situ chemical reduction mol Mole ISS In situ stabilization MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet ITRC Interstate Technology & MTBE Methyl tert-butyl ether Regulatory Council mV Millivolt J Joules MW Monitoring well K Saturated hydraulic condu- NA Natural attenuation ctivity NAP Naphthalene Kd Distribution coefficient NAPL Nonaqueous phase liquid kg Kilogram NAS Naval Air Station kJ Kilojoules NASA U.S. National Aeronautics and KOC Organic carbon partition Space Administration coefficient NATO North Atlantic Treaty KOW Octanol-water partition Organization coefficient NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering L Liter Command lb Pound nCi Nanocurries lbm Pound-mass NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine LCA Life cycle assessment NHE Normal hydrogen electrode LEA Local equilibrium assumption nm Nanometers lf Linear foot (feet) NOD Natural oxidant demand LIF Laser-induced fluorescence NOM Natural organic matter LNAPL Light nonaqueous phase liquid NPL National priorities list LPM Low permeability media NPV Net present value LS Lump sum NRC National Research Council LTHA Low temperature heat activation NSB Naval submarine base LTM Long term monitoring NSF60 National Sanitation Foundation LUST Leaking underground storage International Standard 60 tank NTA Nitrilotriacetic acid m Meter NTC Naval Training Center M Mass, molar O&G Oil and grease MAROS Monitoring and Remediation O&M Operation and maintenance Optimization System OAM Oxidizable aquifer material MBT Molecular biological tools OCDD Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin MCACES Micro Computer Aided Cost ORP Oxidation-reduction potential Engineering System OSHA Occupational Safety Health MCB Monochlorobenzene Administration MCL Maximum contaminant level OSWER Office of Solid Waste and meq/L Milliequivalent(s) per liter Emergency Response mg Milligram OU Operable unit mg/kg Milligram(s) per kilogram P&ID Process and Instrumentation mg/L Milligram(s) per liter Diagram MGP Manufactured gas plant P&T Pump-and-treat 550 List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- rRNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid bons RT3D Reactive transport in three PBB Polybrominated biphenyls dimensions PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl s Second(s) PCE Perchloroethene (also termed SADA Spatial analysis and decision perchloroethylene or tetra- assistance chloroethylene) SDS Sodium dodecyl sulfate PCP Pentachlorophenol SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act PCR Polymerase chain reaction SEAR Surfactant enhanced aquifer PDB Passive diffusion bag remediation Pe Pe´clet number SEM Scanning electron microscope PFM Passive flux meter (or microscopy) PHE Phenanthrene SER Steam enhanced remediation PLFA Phospholipid-derived fatty acids SERDP Strategic Environmental PID Photo ionization detector Research and Development PITT Partitioning interwell tracer test Program pKa Acid dissociation constant sf Square foot (feet) PLC Process logic controller SOD Soil oxidant demand PLFA Phospholipid fatty acids SOM Soil organic matter PNNL Pacific Northwest National SRB Sulfate-reducing bacteria Laboratory St Stanton number ppb Part(s) per billion STP Standard temperature (20C) PPE Personal protective equipment and pressure (1 atm) ppm Part(s) per million STPP Sodium triphosphate PRB Permeable reactive barrier SURF Sustainable Remediation Forum PRG Preliminary remedial goal(s) SVE Soil vapor extraction psi Pounds per square inch SVOC Semivolatile organic PV Pore volume compound PVC Polyvinyl chloride T-RFLP Terminal restriction fragment PYR Pyrene length polymorphism QA Quality assurance TAME Tert-amyl methyl ether QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan TAT Turnaround time QC Quality control TBA Tert-butyl alcohol qPCR Quantitative polymerase chain TBF Tert-butyl formate reaction TCA Trichloroethane R&D Research and development TCDD 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- RACER Remedial action cost engineer- p-dioxin ing and requirements TCE Trichloroethene RAO Remedial action objective TDS Total dissolved solids RCRA Resource Conservation and TEA Terminal electron acceptor Recovery Act TMB Trimethylbenzene RCRA-CA RCRA Corrective Action TNT 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene RDX Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- TOC Total organic carbon triazine or Royal Demolition TOD Total oxidant demand eXplosive TPH Total petroleum hydrocarbons RG Remedial goal(s) trans-DCE trans-1,2-Dichloroethene RI Remedial investigation TSA Tryptic soy agar RIP Remedy in place TTZ Target treatment zone RNS Ribbon NAPL sampler UCL Upper confidence limit ROD Record of decision UFP-QAPP Uniform Federal Policy for ROI Radius of influence Quality Assurance Project Plan List of Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols 551 UIC Underground injection control USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USP United States Pharmacopeia UST Underground storage tank UV Ultraviolet V Volt v/v Volume to volume ratio VC