Berkshire Essentials B Essentials in World History Art 宝库山精选: 艺术在世界历史 Full-Color Art The twenty-two illustrated articles in Art in World History put readers in touch with art Edition from the Paleolithic period, to the millennium-long heyday of porcelain, to performance art of the postmodernist world. They explore fundamental questions about the origins of art making and the case for including visual studies in world history. The volume balances and in interweaves regional coverage with cross-cultural connections—when trade brought Chinese World History silk to the Romans in the first century ce, for instance, or how the celebrated nineteenth- in century Japanese printmakers, Hokusai and Hiroshige, used one-point perspective, a rt Western technique. Overviews on vernacular architecture and textiles examine how the WorldA History study of these art forms can provide insight on a people’s aesthetic sense and development, 宝库山精选: 艺术在世界历史 as well as on the cultural, political, and socioeconomic aspects of their lives. McNeill al. et B erkshire 宝 This Berkshire EssEnTials title was distilled from Authors include: Debashish Banerji, Craig Benjamin, David M. Breiner, BERKSHIRE the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd Edition 库 PUBLISHING GROUP Joan Lebold Cohen, Ralph C. Croizier, Walter B. Denny, Kate Ezra, 山 A global point of reference Robert Finlay, Kathleen I. Kimball, Wilfried Van Damme, and others 宝 库 Editors: William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian, Ralph C. Croizier, Berkshire Publishing specializes in international relations, 山 J. R. McNeill, Heidi Roupp, and Judith P. Zinsser cross-cultural communication, global business and economic information, and environmental sustainability. Sample www.berkshirepublishing.com Copyright © 2012 Berkshire Publishing grouP, all rights reserved 宝 库 山 Essentials in WorldArt History Sample宝库山精选: 艺术在世界历史 William H. McNeill Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian, Ralph C. Croizier, J. R. McNeill, Heidi Roupp, and Judith P. Zinsser Editors Brett Bowden Associate Editor 宝 BERKSHIRE 库 PUBLISHING GROUP 山 A global point of reference www.berkshirepublishing.com Copyright © 2012 Berkshire Publishing grouP, all rights reserved Copyright © 2012 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC All rights reserved. Permission to copy articles for internal or personal noncommercial use is hereby granted on the condi- tion that appropriate fees are paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A., telephone +1 978 750 8400, fax +1 978 646 8600, email [email protected]. Teachers at institutions that own a print copy or license a digital edition of Art in World History may use at no charge up to ten copies of no more than two articles (per course or program). Digital editions Art in World History is available through most major e-book and database services (please check with them for pricing). For information, contact: Berkshire Publishing Group LLC 122 Castle Street Great Barrington, Massachusetts 01230 www.berkshirepublishing.com Printed in the United States of America Sample Albany Boston GREAT BARRINGTON New York Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Art in world history / Ralph C. Croizier ... [et al.], editors. — 1st. p. cm. “Illustrated selections from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd edition.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-933782-91-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61472-999-0 (e-book) 1. Art and history. I. Croizier, Ralph C. II. Berkshire encyclopedia of world history. N72.H58A78 2011 709—dc23 2011021126 www.berkshirepublishing.com Copyright © 2012 Berkshire Publishing grouP, all rights reserved Sample Top left: Mary Cassatt, The Bath. Center top: Detail of silk banner Top right: One of the earliest depictions (1891–1892). Oil on canvas. By the from the tomb of Lady Dai, burial of the Virgin and Child, from the 1890s Cassatt’s compositions and site at Mawangdui, on the outskirts of Catacomb of Priscilla, draws upon color schemes showed a Japanese present-day Changsha, China. Second Egyptian images of Isis suckling Horus. influence. century bce. Second row right: Sergei Gerasimov, Second row left: Unknown Mughal Center: Mandala of the Single-Syllable Collective Farm Festival (1937). The court artist, Emperor Aurangzeb. Golden Wheel. (Heian period, twelfth painting exemplifies the Socialist Opaque watercolor and gold. Ackland century.) Nara National Museum. Realism movement. Art Museum. Center bottom: The intricately carved, Bottom right: Helmet Mask, Bottom left: Jan Asselyn (1610–1652), massive Stone of Sun, or Aztec “Mulwalwa.” Democratic Republic of Italian Landscape with the Ruins of a calendar, in Mexico City. Photo by Kongo, Southern Kuba, nineteenth or Roman Bridge and Aqueduct. Oil on Arturo Delfin (www.morguefile.com). early twentieth century. Wood, paint, canvas. raffia, brass nails. Collection of the Ethnological Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. www.berkshirepublishing.com Copyright © 2012 Berkshire Publishing grouP, all rights reserved Sample the Berkshire Essentials series From the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd Edition: • Africa in World History • Art in World History • Big History • Religion and Belief Systems in World History • War, Diplomacy, and Peacemaking • Women’s and Gender History Distilled for the classroom • World Environmental History from Berkshire’s award-winning encyclopedias Berkshire Essentials from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China and the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability also available. www.berkshirepublishing.com Copyright © 2012 Berkshire Publishing grouP, all rights reserved About this “Berkshire Essentials” Volume or more than a decade Berkshire Publishing has Fcollaborated with an extraordinary worldwide net- work of scholars and editors to produce award-winning academic resources on cutting-edge subjects that ap- peal to a broad audience. With our Berkshire Essentials series—inspired by requests from teachers, curriculum planners, and professorsSample who praise the encyclopedic approach we often use, but who still crave single vol- umes for course use—we at Berkshire have designed a series that “concentrates” our content. Each Essentials series draws from Berkshire publi- cations on a wide-ranging topic—world history, Chi- nese studies, and environmental sustainability, for starters—to provide theme-related volumes that can be purchased alone, in any combination, or as a set. (For example, individual volumes of the Essentials in Vincent van Gogh, Portrait of Père Tanguy (1887). World History series take a global approach to art; big Oil on canvas. The rise of modernism in late history; religion and belief systems; war, diplomacy, nineteenth-century Europe embraced Japonisme. In and peacemaking; women and gender studies; world the background van Gogh includes some of his environmental history; and of course, with this volume, ukiyo-e (woodblock) collection, or perhaps his take Africa.) Teachers will find the insightful, illustrated ar- on the medium. ticles indispensable for jump-starting classroom dis- cussion or independent study. Individuals—whether Poor’s “Art—East Asian and European Connections,” students, professionals, or general readers—will dis- for instance, begins when trade brought Chinese silk to cover the articles invaluable when exploring a new line Roman weavers, circa 100 CE, and continues through of research or an abiding interest. the centuries to examine other East–West connections, The Berkshire Essentials volume Art in World History such as how the celebrated nineteenth-century Japanese contains twenty-two color-illustrated articles; most of printmakers, Hokusai and Hiroshige, used one-point them logistically focus on a geographic area but never- perspective, a Western technique. theless balance and interweave their regional coverage Wilfried Van Damme’s “Art—Paleolithic” explains with cross-cultural perspectives: “Contact and compari- how recent archaeological discoveries in Africa have son—the warp and the woof of the new world history,” prompted scholars in a growing number of disciplines advised our volume editor Ralph C. Crozier, “not just to revive their interest in Paleolithic-era art—and thus a Cooke’s travelogue of what happened where.” Robert to open up debate on fundamental world history VII www.berkshirepublishing.com Copyright © 2012 Berkshire Publishing grouP, all rights reserved VIII • Art In World HIstory This mammoth, one of the world’s earliest ceramic figurines, was excavated at Pavlov (Czech Republic), a site that reveals the hunting and tool-making skills of its Upper Paleolithic–period inhabitants. questions that involve the origins of art making; the earliest days of trade routes, to the influence of Christi- physical, mental, social, and cultural conditions that anity and Islam on art and architecture, to the Cubist’s made it possible; and the fact that creating art has en- and German expressionist’s inspiration by African art- dured and become increasingly integral to our exis- ists’ geometrical forms, vivid colors, and freedom from tence. Kathleen Kimball,Sample in “Art—World Art Studies,” naturalistic representations. discusses how studying world art—objects and tech- Ralph Crozier’s introduction, “Art—World History nologies humans have made from their earliest days to and Art,” addresses the gradual disconnection of visual the present—takes a similar interdisciplinary approach, studies from world history that began in the 1960s mining such fields as archaeology, anthropology, art with the growing