ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN QADISSIYA, NAJAF, BABYLON, WASSIT AND KERBALA The following assessment analyses locations identified as affected by water scarcity as well as drought-induced displacement in five central governorates of Iraq: Qadissiya, Najaf, Babylon, Wassit and Kerbala.1 GENERAL FIGURES LOCATIONS2 As per February 2019, 45 locations were identified as facing Kerbala Governorate, there is one location in Kerbala district drought and/or water scarcity. There are 23 locations in and one in Ain Al-Tamur that are affected by water shortage. Qadissiya Governorate, nine in Wassit, six in Babylon, five Comparison data from August 2018 to February 2019 shows in Najaf and two in Kerbala. One location is urban and 44 a 26% decrease (16 locations) in the number of affected are rural. locations. Locations no longer experiencing drought are in Affected locations in Qadissiya Governorate are in Afaq Qadissiya (1), Wassit (5), Babylon (1), Najaf (2) and Kerbala (7), district (14 locations) and Hamza district (9 locations). In likely due to winter floodwater. However, those locations are Wassit Governorate, all nine affected locations are located in expected to experience water shortages again in the summer Kut district. In Babylon Governorate, all six affected locations because of the temporary nature of floodwater in Iraq. On are in Hashimiya district. In Najaf Governorate, there are the other hand, there are four new drought locations: two three locations in Kufa district and two in Al-Manathera. In locations in Wassit, one in Kerbala and one in Najaf. Map 1. Water crisis by locations in five governorates Al-Azezia AREA OF FOCUS Tigris Badra Al-Suwaira Al-Musayab Razzaza Lake WASSIT Tigris Al-Hindiya Al-Mahawil Kut Al-Na'maniya Ain Al-Tamur Kerbala BABYLON Kut KERBALA Hilla Hilla Hashimiya Kerbala Al-Hai AFFECTED LOCATIONS (FEB 2019) Diwaniya Afaq Kufa NO LONGER AFFECTED Najaf Al-Shamiya Diwaniya QADISSIYA GOVERNORATE CAPITALS Al- Manathera GOVERNORATE Hamza DISTRICT NAJAF 0 20 40KM Euphrates 1 The data in this report come from DTM analysis on families in Iraq displaced due to water scarcity and drought during the period of April 2018 to February 2019. The data also come from a categorization of locations affected by water scarcity at two points in time, in October 2018 and updated in January 2019, conducted using various sources such as Local Councils, local mukhtars, field visit reports and official records from the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources. 2 Categorization of locations affected by water scarcity by the IOM Iraq Rapid’s Assessment and Response Team (RART) and Joint Coordination and Monitoring Center (JCMC) in 2018. 1 IOM IRAQ ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN QADISSIYA, NAJAF, BABYLON, WASSIT AND KERBALA Map 2. Affected districts by the number of IDP families in five governorates Al-Azezia AREA OF FOCUS Tigris Badra Al-Suwaira Al-Musayab Razzaza Lake Tigris Al-Hindiya Al-Mahawil WASSIT BABYLON Al-Na'maniya Ain Al-Tamur Kerbala Kut Kut KERBALA Hilla Hilla Hashimiya 500 Kerbala 279 Al-Hai 170 Diwaniya Afaq 27 – 63 Kufa Najaf Al-Shamiya Diwaniya 6 – 26 QADISSIYA GOVERNORATE CAPITALS Al-Manathera GOVERNORATE Hamza DISTRICT NAJAF 0 20 40KM Euphrates GOVERNORATE DISTRICTS AFFECTED BY WATER SHORTAGE DISTRICT / SUB-DISTRICT FEBRUARY 2019 AUGUST 2018 Babylon 6 7 Hashimiya 6 7 Kerbala 2 9 Ain Al-Tamur 1 1 Markaz Kerbala 1 8 Najaf 5 7 Al-Manathera 2 2 Kufa 3 4 Markaz Najaf - 1 Qadissiya 23 24 Afaq 14 14 Hamza 9 10 Wassit 9 14 Badra - 3 Kut 9 11 Total 45 61 2 IOM IRAQ ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN QADISSIYA, NAJAF, BABYLON, WASSIT AND KERBALA WATER-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT As of February 2019, 1,727 families originally from the gover- families), followed by Najaf (21%, 209 families), Wassit (12%, norates of Qadissiya, Wassit, Najaf, Babylon and Kerbala 116 families) and Kerbala (5%, 47 families). Babylon does not were displaced due to water shortage in their locations. IOM host any families displaced due to water shortage. Iraq’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is tracking 987 of All IDPs from Kerbala and Najaf are displaced within their these families.3 respective governorates. Most IDPs originally from Wassit Qadissiya Governorate is the most affected by water-in- Governorate are displaced to other districts within Wassit duced displacement: 63 per cent of IDPs are from this (97%, 116 families) but a small number are also displaced to governorate (622 families), followed by Najaf (21%, 205 fami- Kerbala Governorate (3%, 3 families). The large majority of lies), Wassit (12%, 119 families), Babylon (2%, 22 families) IDPs originally from Qadissiya are displaced to other districts and Kerbala (2%, 19 families). within Qadissiya Governorate (99% 615 families) but some are also displaced to Kerbala (1%, 4 families) and Najaf (1%, Qadissiya also hosts the largest share of the water-induced 3 families) governorates. displaced population from central governorates (62%, 615 TOTAL DISPLACEMENT BY GOVERNORATE OF ORIGIN AND DISPLACEMENT NO. OF IDP GOV. OF NO. OF IDP GOV. OF ORIGIN % % FAMILIES DISPLACEMENT FAMILIES Qadissiya 615 63.0% Qadissiya 622 63.0% Najaf 4 <1% Kerbala 3 <1% Najaf 205 20.8% Najaf 205 20.8% Wassit 113 11.8% Wassit 119 12.0% Kerbala 3 <1% Babylon 22 2.2% Kerbala 22 2.2% Kerbala 19 1.9% Kerbala 12 1.9% Total 987 100% 987 100% 3 DTM Emergency Tracking. Seven rounds conducted from April 2018 to January 2019. 3 IOM IRAQ ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN QADISSIYA, NAJAF, BABYLON, WASSIT AND KERBALA QADISSIYA LOCATIONS Qadissiya is the central governorate with the largest number of locations affected by water shortage, with 23 affected locations. Of these locations, 14 are in Afaq district (9 locations in Al-Bdair sub-district and 5 in Nuffar sub-district), and nine in Hamza district (5 in Al-Shinafiya sub-district, 3 in Markaz Hamza sub-district and 1 in Al-Sudair sub-district). All affected locations are rural areas. The population in the affected locations depends mostly on crops such as rice, wheat, barley, cotton and breading cattle for income. Villages located in Hamza district (in Al-Shinafiya sub-district) are not able to access water due to the remoteness of their locations from rivers and irrigation canals. The government recently banned growing rice in areas located in Al-Shamiya district to reserve water, as the crop requires large quantities of water.4 Many families in the areas have abandoned the villages and moved to urban areas to find alternative sources of income. Families who remained in the area now depend on tankers to transfer water after well water became saline throughout summer 2018. WATER-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT A total of 622 families, 63 per cent of the total water-in- The vast majority of IDP families originally from Qadissiya are duced displaced population in central Iraq, are originally from displaced to three districts within the governorate: 550 fami- Qadissiya: 604 families (97%) are from Afaq district (in Al-Bdair lies (88%) to Afaq district, 50 families (8%) to Diwaniya district sub-district and Sumer sub-district, 500 and 104 families and 15 families (2%) to Hamza district. Only a few families respectively), 15 families (2.4%) are from Hamza district (in are displaced to other governorates: Najaf and Kerbala (4 Markaz Al-Hamza sub-district) and three families (less than and 3 families respectively). 1%) are from Diwaniya district (Al-Saniya subdistrict). QADISSIYA IDPs PER GOVERNORATE QADISSIYA IDPs PER DISTRICT / OF DISPLACEMENT SUB-DISTRICT OF ORIGIN GOVERNORATE/ NO. OF IDP % DISTRICT FAMILIES DISTRICT / NO. OF IDP % SUB-DISTRICT FAMILIES Qadissiya 615 98.9% Afaq 604 97.1% Afaq 550 88.4% Al-Bdair 500 80.4% Diwaniya 50 8.0% Sumer 104 16.7% Hamza 15 2.4% Hamza 15 2.4% Najaf 4 <1% Markaz Al-Hamza 15 2.4% Najaf 4 <1% Diwaniya 3 <1% Kerbala 3 <1% Al-Saniya 3 <1% Al-Hindiya 3 <1% 4 Official statement by Ministry of Agriculture in June 18, 2018 states that the agricultural plan for the summer was modified because the quantities of water needed are not available and cultivating rice and corn are banned. 4 IOM IRAQ ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN QADISSIYA, NAJAF, BABYLON, WASSIT AND KERBALA As mentioned, most of the families are originally from rural locations, yet the majority (92%, 575 families) are displaced to urban areas and only a minority to rural areas (8%, 47 families). Map 3. Water crisis by locations in Qadissiya BABYLON KERBALA WASSIT AREA OF FOCUS Diwaniya Afak Shamiya Tigris QADISSIYA AFFECTED LOCATIONS (FEB 2019) Al-Hamza NAJAF NO LONGER AFFECTED GOVERNORATE CAPITALS DISCTRICT CENTRES GOVERNORATE DISTRICT 0 10 20KM Map 4. Affected districts by the number of IDP families in Qadissiya BABYLON KERBALA WASSIT AREA OF FOCUS Diwaniya Afak Shamiya Tigris QADISSIYA 46 – 63 27 – 45 NAJAF Al-Hamza 19 – 26 14 – 18 GOVERNORATE CAPITALS DISCTRICT CENTRES GOVERNORATE DISTRICT 0 10 20KM 5 IOM IRAQ ASSESSING WATER SHORTAGE-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN QADISSIYA, NAJAF, BABYLON, WASSIT AND KERBALA NAJAF LOCATIONS There are five locations affected by water shortage in Najaf. Affected areas are located in Al-Manathera district (in Markaz Al-Manathera sub-district, 2 locations) and Kufa district (in Al-Abbasiya sub-district, 3 locations). All affected locations are rural. River water levels dropped in Al-Manathera district and the irrigation system is partially damaged. In Kufa district (in sub-dis- tricts of Al-Abbasiya and Al-Huriya), the water level that normally reaches the canals near the river is very low. In Markaz Najaf district (in Al-Haydariya sub-district), villages located far from the rivers do not get enough water for farming. WATER-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT A total of 205 families, 21 per cent of the total water-induced Most of the families (198, 97%) are displaced within the same displaced population in study area, are displaced from district (Kufa district) and a small number (7 families, 3%) to Al-Abbasiya sub-district (in Kufa district).