Volume 25, Number 2, 2018 ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ، ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ٢، ٢٠١٨ T R, N, S P: T P S’ W Yudi Latif C B, C P: T K D I P-C A Jajat Burhanudin I T A W S H N O’ I D Mujiburrahman S C: I C ﻣﻌﻀﻠﺔ اﻷﻗـﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ - , N E I ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود ﺑﻠﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ Lin Hongxuan ﻣﺼﻮﺍﺭﻱ E-ISSN: 2355-6145 STUDIA ISLAMIKA STUDIA ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Vol. 25, no. 2, 2018 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyumardi Azra MANAGING EDITOR Oman Fathurahman EDITORS Saiful Mujani Jamhari Didin Syafruddin Jajat Burhanudin Fuad Jabali Ali Munhanif Saiful Umam Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi Jajang Jahroni Din Wahid Euis Nurlaelawati INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD M. Quraish Shihab (Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA) M.C. Ricklefs (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Martin van Bruinessen (Utrecht University, NETHERLANDS) John R. Bowen (Washington University, USA) M. Kamal Hasan (International Islamic University, MALAYSIA) Virginia M. Hooker (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Edwin P. Wieringa (Universität zu Köln, GERMANY) Robert W. Hefner (Boston University, USA) Rémy Madinier (Centre national de la recherche scientique (CNRS), FRANCE) R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE) Michael F. Laffan (Princeton University, USA) Minako Sakai (e University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA) Annabel Teh Gallop (e British Library, UK) Syafaatun Almirzanah (Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University of Yogyakarta, INDONESIA) ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Testriono Muhammad Nida' Fadlan Abdullah Maulani ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Benjamin J. Freeman Daniel Peterson Batool Moussa ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Ahmadi Usman COVER DESIGNER S. Prinka STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492; E-ISSN: 2355-6145) is an international journal published by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies in particular, and Southeast Asian Islamic studies in general, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. is journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. All submitted papers are subject to double-blind review process. STUDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by e Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia as an academic journal (Decree No. 32a/E/KPT/2017). STUDIA ISLAMIKA has become a CrossRef Member since year 2014. erefore, all articles published by STUDIA ISLAMIKA will have unique Digital Object Identier (DOI) number. STUDIA ISLAMIKA is indexed in Scopus since 30 May 2015. Editorial Office: STUDIA ISLAMIKA, Gedung Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM) UIN Jakarta, Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan Barat, Cirendeu, Ciputat 15419, Jakarta, Indonesia. Phone: (62-21) 7423543, 7499272, Fax: (62-21) 7408633; E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika Annual subscription rates from outside Indonesia, institution: US$ 75,00 and the cost of a single copy is US$ 25,00; individual: US$ 50,00 and the cost of a single copy is US$ 20,00. Rates do not include international postage and handling. Please make all payment through bank transfer to: PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, Indonesia, account No. 101-00-0514550-1 (USD), Swift Code: bmriidja Harga berlangganan di Indonesia untuk satu tahun, lembaga: Rp. 150.000,-, harga satu edisi Rp. 50.000,-; individu: Rp. 100.000,-, harga satu edisi Rp. 40.000,-. Harga belum termasuk ongkos kirim. Pembayaran melalui PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, No. Rek: 128-00-0105080-3 Table of Contents Articles 207 Yudi Latif e Religiosity, Nationality, and Sociality of Pancasila: Toward Pancasila through Soekarno’s Way 247 Jajat Burhanudin Converting Belief, Connecting People: e Kingdoms and the Dynamics of Islamization in Pre-Colonial Archipelago 279 Mujiburrahman Indonesian Translation and Appropriation of the Works of Shariati and Hana in the New Order’s Islamic Discourses 309 Lin Hongxuan Sickle as Crescent: Islam and Communism in the Netherlands East Indies, 1915-1927 351 Miswari Mu‘ḍilat al-aqlīyah al-Masīḥīyah fī ḥudūd balad al-sharī‘ah al-Islāmīyah Book Review 405 Jajang Jahroni Menemukan Haji Hasan Mustafa (1852-1930) Document 423 Endi Aulia Garadian Youth Camp for Preventing Violent-Extremism: Fostering Youth Dialogue, Encountering Diversity Jajat Burhanudin Converting Belief, Connecting People: e Kingdoms and the Dynamics of Islamization in Pre-Colonial Archipelago Abstract: e pre-colonial Archipelago period of Indonesian history witnessed rapid Islamization. e kingdoms or sultanates served as the centre of emerging Islamic socio-political and cultural dynamics. In this article, the crucial role that the kingdoms played in facilitating Islamization will be examined, giving strong emphasis to how they emerged as hubs for ‘ulamā’ who Islamized the people of the Archipelago. is process created an Islamic network with the ‘ulamā’ introducing rulers and society to Islam. Islamization unied the people in the “lands below the winds” under one religion. is connecting process was further facilitated by the rise of Malay language alongside the Jawi (Arabic) script as a medium for intra- regional communication as well as Islamic expression. e experience of being Islamized created a collective memory of being part of “the others” and laid a strong foundation for the unication of Indonesian society today. Keywords: Islamic Kingdom, ‘Ulamā’, Islamization, Archipelago, Malay Language, Jawi Script, Religious Network. 247 Studia Islamika, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2018 DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v25i2.5682 248 Jajat Burhanudin Abstrak: Nusantara masa pra-kolonial adalah satu periode penting dalam sejarah Indonesia yang menyaksikan proses Islamisasi yang intensif. Kerajaan atau kesultanan tampil sebagai pusat dinamika sosial-politik dan keagamaan. Dalam artikel ini, pembahasan diarahkan pada peran penting kerajaan dalam memfasilitasi proses Islamisasi, dengan menekankan pada proses historis bagaimana kerajaan menjadi rumah bagi para ulama; suatu proses yang menciptakan satu jaringan keislaman di mana ulama berperan penting dalam memperkenalkan Islam kepada pengusa dan masyarakat. Islamisasi telah menghubungkan sebagian masyarakat “negeri di bawah angin” dalam satu agama. Dan hal ini diperkuat dengan tumbuhnya bahasa Melayu dan aksara Jawi sebagai media komunikasi antar- komunitas agama dan juga ekspresi Islam. Pengalaman Islamisasi ini telah melahirkan satu ingatan kolektif bahwa sebagian mereka menjadi bagian dari sebagian yang lain, dan pada akhirnya meletakkan dasar kesatuan bagi bangsa Indonesia dewasa ini. Kata kunci: Kerajaan Islam, Ulama, Islamisasi, Nusantara, Bahasa Melayu, Aksara Jawi, Jaringan Keagamaan. ﻣﻠﺨﺺ: ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﺗﻨﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ. ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ. ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻟﺔ، ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ. ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ. ﻟﻘﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ «ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ» ﲢﺖ ﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ. ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻳﺔ (ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ) ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ. ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﲨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ «ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ» ﻭﺃﺭﺳﺖ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ. اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ: ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ، ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ، ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻤﺔ، ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺘﺎﺭﺍ، ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻳﻮﻳﺔ، ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﳉﺎﻭﻱ، ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ. DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v25i2.5682 Studia Islamika, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2018 Converting Belief, Connecting People 249 n the pre-colonial Archipelago, the kingdoms or the sultanates played a central role in the facilitation of Islamic dynamics. Ie kingdoms served as arenas where Islam was introduced to communities, alongside maritime commercial enterprises and political development. e kingdoms also facilitated the translation of Islam into religious institutions, such as qāḍī (judge) and Islamic learning centres, which strengthened the impact of its proselytization. As such, the establishment of the kingdoms is viewed as an important step in Islamic development, marking the rise of Islam as a socio-political and cultural phenomenon in Indonesia. is article will discuss the process by which the kingdoms emerged as the hubs of ‘ulamā’ (‘ālim, Muslim scholar), who greatly contributed to the process of Islamization, which in turn facilitated contact and communication among the people of the Archipelago. In the pre- colonial period, most of the archipelagic regions—traditionally termed “the lands below the winds”—were the home of Islamic kingdoms. ese kingdoms strongly engaged in the Islamization of people. e rulers made the advancement of Islam a central part of territorial expansion. In addition to that, the rulers also established institutions of Islamic learning within the kingdoms, where the ‘ulamā’ were tasked with introducing Islam and educating new converts. us, the rulers and the ‘ulamā’ contributed to connecting the people of the Archipelago who shared the same religious beliefs despite their diverse ethnicities, socio-cultural attitudes, and political backgrounds. Not only did they know each other as the residents of kingdoms in the lands below the winds, but they also shared the same Islamic faith. is process was reinforced by the common use of the Malay language in Jawi (Arabic) script, which was increasingly used in the Archipelago, and Southeast Asia, alongside the development of Islam. e Malay language played