Centre Development Curriculum UNIT ONE ENGLISH Class 10 Centre Bishow Raj Joshi ParbatiCDC Dhungana Chandra Kanta Pandit Development Curriculum Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Centre Publisher: Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Centre Sanothimi, Bhaktapur ISBN: © Publisher First Edition: 2017 Centre Printed at: Janak Education Materials Centre Ltd. Sanothimi, Bhaktapur CDC Development Curriculum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any other form or by any means for commercial purpose without the prior permission in writing of the Curriculum Development Centre. Preface The curriculum and curricular materials have been developed and revised on a regular basis with the aim of making education objective-oriented, practical, relevant and job oriented. It is necessary to instill the feelings of nationalism, national integrity and democratic spirit in the students and equip them with morality, discipline and self-reliance, creativity and thoughtfulness. It is essential to develop in them the linguistic and mathematical skills, knowledge of science, information and communication technology, environment, health and population and life skills. It is also necessary to bring in them the feeling of preserving and promoting arts and aesthetics, humanistic norms, values and ideals. It has become the need of the present time to make the students aware of respect for ethnicity, gender, disabilities, languages, religions, cultures, regional diversity, human rights and social values so as to make them capable of playing the roleCentre of responsible citizens. This textbook has been developed in line with the Secondary Level English Curriculum, 2071 (2014) by incorporating the recommendations of various education commissions and the feedback obtained from various schools, workshops and seminars, interaction programs attended by teachers, students and parents. In bringing out the textbook in this form, the contribution of the Executive Director of the Curriculum Development Center (CDC) Baburam Poudel, Prof. Dr. Chandreshor Mishra, Prof. Dr. Bal Mukunda Bhandari, Dr. Rishi Ram Rijal, Ganga Dhar Hada, Sita Sharma, Homnath Amgain and Arun Kumar Rai is highly acknowledged. The subject matter and language of this textbook were edited by Chandra Kanta Bhusal CDCand Ramesh Prasad Ghimire. The Curriculum Development Center (CDC) extends sincere thanks to all those who have contributed to developing this textbook. Development This textbook contains a variety of materials from various genres and the engaging exercises which help learners to achieve the competency and learning outcomes set in the curriculum. Each unit deals with all the language skills and aspects in an integrated manner. An attempt has been made to make this textbook as much user friendly as possible. The students, teachers and other stakeholders are expected to make constructive comments and suggestions to make it a more useful learning material. 2017 Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Curriculum Curriculum Development Centre CONTENTS Unit 1: Giving, Withholding and Reporting Permission 1 Unit 2: Reporting Statements 13 Unit 3: Reporting Questions 23 Unit 4: Reporting Commands 34 Unit 5: Giving Advice and Warnings 48 Unit 6: Expressing Conditions (I) Centre59 Unit 7: Expressing Conditions (II) 71 Unit 8: Asking for Reasons, Purposes and their Responces 83 Unit 9: Expressing Unexpected Results 94 Unit 10: Describing Events 107 Unit 11: Expressing PreferencesCDC 119 Unit 12: Talking about PersonalDevelopment Experience 133 Unit 13: Talking about the Past (I): Narrating Past Events 145 Unit 14: Talking about the Past (II): Interrupted Continuous Action 154 Unit 15: Talking about the Past (III): Comparing Past and Present 165 Unit 16: Con¿ rming and Denying 174 UnitCurriculum 17: Agreeing and Disagreeing 183 Unit 18: Indicating time and Motions 192 Unit 19: Interpreting Tables and Charts 203 Glossary 216 UNIT ONE GIVING, WITHHOLDING AND REPORTING PERMISSION Reading A. Engage yourself 1. Look at the pictures below, and answer the following questions. Centre a. Where are these people from? b. How do they greet each other? 2. Describe your dining etiquette. Is it different from the Japanese people? B. Study time CDC Read the following text quickly, and answer these questions. a. How do the CanadiansDevelopment greet each other? b. How long does it take for Latin Americans to complete their lunch? c. Where do people take off their shoes when entering a restaurant? A World Guide to Good Manners: How not to Behave Badly Abroad Travelling to all corners of the world is getting easier and easier. We live in a global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way. Different people of different countries have their own way of life. Greetings Curriculum How should you behave when you meet someone for the ¿ rst time? An American or Canadian shakes your hand ¿ rmly while looking you straight in the eyes. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the more you respect the person, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest, as if you are praying, and bowing your head slightly. In both countries, eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect. ENGLISH, Class 10 1 Clothes Many countries have rules about what you should and should not wear. In Asian and Muslim countries, you should not reveal the body, especially women, who should wear long sleeved tops. In Japan, you should take off your shoes when entering a house or a restaurant. Remember to place them together facing the door you came in. This is also true in China, Korea, Thailand and Iran. Food and drink In Italy, Spain, and Latin America, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Britain, you might have a business lunch and do business as you eat. In Mexico and Japan, many people prefer not to discuss business while eating. Lunch is a time to relax and socialise, and Centrethe Japanese rarely drink alcohol at lunchtimes. In Britain and the United States, it is not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast, and in China it is common to have business banquets, but you should not discuss business during the meal. Doing business In most countries, an exchange of business cards is essential for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position in a bussiness card. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the reverse side of your card printed in the local language. In Japan, you must presentCDC your card with both hands, with the writing facing the person you are giving it to. In many countries, business hoursDevelopment are from 9 or 10 am to 5 or 6 pm. However, in some counties, such as Greece, Italy, and Spain, some businesses close in the early afternoon for a couple of hours then remain open until the evening. Japanese business people consider it their professional duty to go out after work with colleagues to restaurants, bars, or nightclubs. If you are invited, you should not refuse, even if you do not feel like staying out late. Extra tips Here are some extra tips that help you when you travel. 1.Curriculum In many Asian cultures, it is acceptable to smack your lips when you eat. It means that the food is good. 2. In France, you should not sit down in a cafe until you have shaken hands with everyone you know. 3. In India and the Middle East, you must never use the left hand for greeting, eating or drinking. 2 ENGLISH, Class 10 4. In China, your host will keep re¿ lling your dish unless you lay your chopsticks across your bowl. 5. Most South Americans and Mexicans like to stand very close to the person they are talking to. You should not back away. 6. In Russia, you must match your host's drink for drink or they will think you are unfriendly. 7. In Ireland, social events sometimes end with singing and dancing. You might be asked to sing. 8. In America, you should eat your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible. You should not try to have a conversation until it is eaten. (Source: Norman Ramshaw in New Headway English) 1. Vocabulary in use Centre Solve the crossword puzzle using appropriate words from the text. CDC Development Across Down Curriculum1. uncomfortable; humiliating 1. show 2. a part of a piece of clothing that 2. in a strong or de¿ nite covers your arm way 3. opposite 4. co-workers ENGLISH, Class 10 3 2. Reading comprehension i. Read the text, and decide wehether the following statements are true or false. a. When an American meets us for the ¿ rst time, we shake hands. b. In many parts of Asia, friends kiss on both cheeks when they meet. c. In Mexico, many people think that lunch is a time to relax and socialise. d. In India, we should take off our shoes when entering a restaurant. e. In Japan, we must present our business cards with both hands. f. In Spain, some businesses close in the early afternoon for a couple of hours. ii. Read the text again, and answer the following questions. Centre a. Mention any one difference between the American and the Japanese greetings. b. What type of clothes should the Muslim women not wear in Muslim countries? c. Is your main meal of the day same as that in Britain? d. In which countries do peopleCDC prefer discussing business during meals? e. When is it necessary to print your business card in the local language? f.