ICES C o o p e r a t iv e R e se a r c h R e po r t R a p p o r t d e s R e c h e r c h e s C o l l e c t iv e s N O . 2 8 7 Au gust 2 0 0 7 C o l l e c t io n o f a c o u s t ic d a t a FROM FISHING VESSELS W illiam A . Ka r p , Ed it o r P r in c ip a l a u t h o r s : J o h n D a l e n W illiam Ka r p R u d y K l o s e r G a v in M a c a u l a y G a r y M el v in R o n M i t s o n R i c h a r d O ' D r is c o l l H é c t o r P e ñ a T im R y a n International Council for ICES the Exploration of the Sea S “*T T 7 TV JÍ Conseil International pour X £ IV l l'Exploration de la Mer International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44-46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2007. Collection of acoustic data from fishing vessels. ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 287. 83 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the General Secretary. This document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the view of the Council. ISBN 87-7482-059-1 ISSN 1017-6195 © 2007 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES Cooperative Research Report No. 287 Contents Foreword: Synthesis of the work of the ICES Study Group on the Collection of Acoustic Data from Fishing Vessels(SGAFV) ........................................................ 1 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................10 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................10 1.2 Collection of acoustic data from fishing vessels ............................................11 1.2.1 Single-species stock assessment ......................................................11 1.2.2 The ecosystem approach to fishery management ............................... 15 1.3 Example sampling programmes.......................................................................16 1.4 Example management monitoringstrategies ....................................................17 1.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 17 1.6 Recommendations ...........................................................................................17 2 Fishing vessels as sampling platforms.....................................................................19 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Detection of sound by fish ...............................................................................20 2.2.1 Hearing physiology and sensitivity ...................................................20 2.2.2 Behaviour in response to sound ........................................................21 2.3 Detection of fish by sound ...............................................................................22 2.4 Noise created by vessels ................................................................................. 23 2.4.1 Low-frequency noise ........................................................................ 23 2.4.2 High-frequency noise ........................................................................ 23 2.4.3 Vessel design features in relation to noise ........................................24 2.4.4 Other sources of data degradation during collection .........................26 2.5 Noise signatures of vessels ..............................................................................27 2.6 Summary and recommendations ......................................................................28 2.6.1 General considerations ...................................................................... 28 2.6.2 Criteria for selecting vessels ............................................................. 28 2.6.3 Other recommendations .................................................................... 28 3 Instrumentation .......................................................................................................30 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................30 3.2 Acoustic data ...................................................................................................30 3.2.1 Conventional echosounders .............................................................. 31 3.2.2 Sonars and multibeam echosounders ................................................ 31 3.2.3 Acoustic Doppler current profilers ................................................... 32 3.2.4 Calibration .........................................................................................32 3.3 Other types of data ........................................................................................... 32 3.3.1 Location .............................................................................................33 3.3.2 Transducer motion .............................................................................33 3.3.3 Vessel course and heading ................................................................ 34 3.3.4 Vessel speed .......................................................................................34 3.3.5 Meteorological observations ............................................................. 34 3.3.6 Oceanographic observations ..............................................................34 3.3.7 Direct sampling with commercial gear............................................. 35 3.4 Using scientific acoustic transducers ...............................................................35 3.4.1 Fishing vessel transducers .................................................................35 3.4.2 Towed vehicles ..................................................................................35 3.4.3 Pole mounts .......................................................................................36 Collection of acoustic data from fishing vessels 3.4.4 Hull and blister mounts .....................................................................36 3.4.5 Extended keel mounts ....................................................................... 36 3.4.6 Through-hulltransmission ................................................................ 36 3.5 Integration of equipment ..................................................................................36 3.5.1 Log counter ....................................................................................... 37 3.5.2 Acoustic system synchronization ......................................................37 3.5.3 Time synchronization ....................................................................... 37 3.5.4 Event logging....................................................................................37 3.6 Remote operations ...........................................................................................37 3.7 Recommendations ...........................................................................................38 4 Data collection and management ................................................................................39 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................39 4.2 Data collection and management .................................................................... 39 4.2.1 Calibration ........................................................................................ 40 4.2.2 Data collection in an industry setting ................................................40 4.2.3 Data quality .......................................................................................41 4.2.4 Survey settings .................................................................................. 42 4.2.5 When to log data ...............................................................................42 4.2.6 Logistical considerations ..................................................................43 4.2.7 Metadata ...........................................................................................44 4.2.8 Data collection with analysis in mind ...............................................45 4.2.9 Data exchange...................................................................................45 4.3 Recommendations...........................................................................................45 5 Biological sampling ........................................................................................................46 5.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................46 5.2 Types of sampling ...........................................................................................47 5.2.1 Commercial and research fishing ......................................................47 5.2.2 Catch processing ............................................................................... 48 5.2.3 Observers ...........................................................................................48 5.2.4 Training of vessel personnel .............................................................49 5.2.5 Port sampling ...................................................................................