Lake Charlevoix Watershed Management Plan Protecting Water Quality for Today and Tomorrow July 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Tables and Figures ............................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 1 Foreward ......................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter One: .............................................................................................................. 5 The Lake Charlevoix Watershed .................................................................................. 5 Geography and Hydrography .......................................................................................... 5 Groundwater ................................................................................................................. 12 Geology & Soils .............................................................................................................. 16 Local Climate ................................................................................................................. 20 Demographics................................................................................................................ 21 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................ 22 Lake Charlevoix Fisheries ............................................................................................... 24 Zoning Assessment ........................................................................................................ 26 Local Ordinance Gaps Analysis .............................................................................. 26 New Charlevoix County Storm Water Control (SWC) Ordinance .......................... 29 Land Use/Cover Type Inventory .................................................................................... 30 Chapter Two: Water Quality of the Lake Charlevoix Watershed ................................ 34 Water Quality of Lake Charlevoix .................................................................................. 35 Water Quality of Rivers of the Lake Charlevoix Watershed .......................................... 50 The Boyne River ......................................................................................................... 52 The Jordan River ........................................................................................................ 60 Water Quality of Small Lakes and Streams ................................................................... 69 Chapter Three: Review of Nonpoint Source Pollution Inventories ............................. 70 Stormwater Inventory ................................................................................................... 70 Lake Charlevoix Shoreline Survey .................................................................................. 75 Lakeshore Erosion Inventory ......................................................................................... 86 Lake Charlevoix Watershed Management Plan Page i Streambank Erosion Inventory ...................................................................................... 89 Road/Stream Crossing Inventory .................................................................................. 91 Agricultural Inventory.................................................................................................... 98 Recreational Impact Assessment ................................................................................ 101 Canoeing .............................................................................................................. 101 Fishing .................................................................................................................. 103 Hiking ................................................................................................................... 103 Lake Charlevoix Boat Counts ............................................................................... 103 Forestry Inventory ....................................................................................................... 106 Chapter Four: Threats to Water Quality in the Lake Charlevoix Watershed .............. 107 Water Quality Standards and Designated Uses .......................................................... 107 The Lake Charlevoix Watershed: Meeting the Designated Uses of the State ........ 111 Sources and Causes of Pollutants in the Lake Charlevoix Watershed ......................... 115 Sediment Sources and Causes ................................................................................. 115 Nutrient Sources and Causes .................................................................................. 115 Build-Out Analysis ....................................................................................................... 120 Focus Areas: Priority Protection Areas and Critical Areas ........................................... 124 Priority Protection Areas ......................................................................................... 124 Priority Parcel Analysis ............................................................................................ 126 Critical Areas ............................................................................................................... 130 Chapter Five: Previous Watershed Management Efforts.......................................... 135 Lake Charlevoix Management Plan...................................................................... 135 Lake Charlevoix Watershed Project ..................................................................... 135 The Lake Charlevoix Watershed Management Plan: Advisory Committee ......... 137 Lake Charlevoix Watershed: Local Government Solutions .................................. 138 Stormwater Monitoring in Boyne City and East Jordan ...................................... 139 Experience Lake Charlevoix ................................................................................. 140 Day on the Bay ..................................................................................................... 140 Discover Lake Charlevoix ..................................................................................... 140 Treasure Lake Charlevoix Project ......................................................................... 141 Runoff Remedies .................................................................................................. 141 Lake Charlevoix Association ................................................................................. 142 Publications .......................................................................................................... 142 Page ii Lake Charlevoix Watershed Management Plan Lake Charlevoix Fish Habitat Improvement Project ............................................ 142 Chapter Six: Lake Charlevoix Watershed: Goals and Objectives ................................ 145 Chapter Seven: Recommended Implementation Tasks and Actions .......................... 147 Overview of Implementation Tasks and Actions ................................................. 147 Detailed Implementation Tasks and Actions ............................................................... 155 Monitoring Plan ........................................................................................................... 174 Surface Water Quality Monitoring ...................................................................... 174 Riparian Monitoring ............................................................................................. 175 Stormwater Monitoring ....................................................................................... 175 Land Use monitoring ............................................................................................ 176 Road-Stream Crossing Monitoring ....................................................................... 176 Land Protection and Management Monitoring ................................................... 176 Habitat Monitoring .............................................................................................. 177 Recreation, Human Health, and Safety monitoring............................................. 177 Groundwater and Hydrologic Monitoring ........................................................... 177 Wetland Monitoring ............................................................................................ 179 Aquatic Invasive Species ...................................................................................... 179 Low impact Development (LID) Monitoring ........................................................ 179 Socio-economic Monitoring ................................................................................. 180 Chapter Eight: Evaluation Strategy ........................................................................... 181 Evaluation Strategy for Plan Implementation ..................................................... 181 Evaluation Strategy for the Overall Management Plan ....................................... 182 Chapter Nine: Information and Education Strategy .................................................