Supplementary online material for Armisén et al. 1 The genome of the water strider Gerris buenoi reveals expansions of 2 gene repertoires associated with adaptations to life on the water 3 4 Supplementary Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 5 Immune genes ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 6 Early Developmental Genes ........................................................................................................................................ 4 7 Nuclear receptors and bHLH-PAS proteins ................................................................................................................. 5 8 Insulin/TOR signalling pathways ................................................................................................................................. 6 9 Wnt Signaling Pathway ............................................................................................................................................... 7 10 Cysteine peptidases from the papain C1 family ......................................................................................................... 9 11 Visual genes .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 12 Chemoreceptor gene families................................................................................................................................... 16 13 Detoxification pathways ........................................................................................................................................... 19 14 Wing development and polyphenism ....................................................................................................................... 23 15 DNA methylatransferases ......................................................................................................................................... 25 16 Histone genes and histone modification machinery ................................................................................................ 26 17 Antioxidant Proteins ................................................................................................................................................. 28 18 Supplementary Methods ............................................................................................................................................. 30 19 Genome sequencing and assembly .......................................................................................................................... 30 20 Automated Gene Annotation Using a Maker 2.0 Pipeline Tuned for Arthropods .................................................... 31 21 Community annotation and Official Gene Set generation ....................................................................................... 33 22 Bristle genes.............................................................................................................................................................. 33 23 Cuticular proteins ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 24 Prey detection and selection on water environments ............................................................................................. 34 25 Wing polyphenism .................................................................................................................................................... 35 26 Wnt Signaling Pathway ............................................................................................................................................. 36 27 Early Developmental Genes ...................................................................................................................................... 37 28 Antioxidant genes ..................................................................................................................................................... 38 29 Supplementary Figures and Tables.............................................................................................................................. 39 30 Supplementary Figure 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 39 31 Supplementary Figure 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 40 32 Supplementary Figure 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 41 33 Supplementary Figure 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 46 34 Supplementary Figure 6 ........................................................................................................................................ 47 35 Supplementary Figure 7 ........................................................................................................................................ 48 36 Supplementary Figure 8 ........................................................................................................................................ 49 37 Supplementary Figure 9 ........................................................................................................................................ 50 38 Supplementary Figure 10 ...................................................................................................................................... 51 1 Supplementary online material for Armisén et al. 39 Supplementary Figure 11 ...................................................................................................................................... 52 40 Supplementary Table 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 53 41 Supplementary Table 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 54 42 Supplementary Table 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 56 43 Supplementary Table 4 ......................................................................................................................................... 60 44 Supplementary Table 5 ......................................................................................................................................... 61 45 Supplementary Table 6 ......................................................................................................................................... 62 46 Supplementary Table 7 ......................................................................................................................................... 63 47 Supplementary Table 8 ......................................................................................................................................... 64 48 Supplementary Table 10 ....................................................................................................................................... 66 49 Supplementary Table 11 ....................................................................................................................................... 69 50 Supplementary Table 12 ....................................................................................................................................... 71 51 Supplementary Table 13 ....................................................................................................................................... 74 52 Supplementary Table 14 ....................................................................................................................................... 76 53 Supplementary Table 15 ....................................................................................................................................... 83 54 Supplementary Table 16 ....................................................................................................................................... 84 55 Supplementary Table 17 ....................................................................................................................................... 85 56 Supplementary Table 18 ....................................................................................................................................... 87 57 References .................................................................................................................................................................... 88 58 59 Supplementary Data 60 Immune genes 61 While mammals have both innate and adaptive immune response, only innate immune response 62 has been described in arthropods 1. In particular, the Toll and IMD (Immunodeficiency) pathways 63 are the two major regulators of the immune response known in arthropods 2-4 which act by 64 regulating the expression of other effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides