ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgments ..... XXV Foreword ..... XXXI Introduction ..... XXXV Editorial Principles and Practices ..... XLV Chronology ..... LI Abbreviations ..... LIX 1945: April–December Introduction: “We have to start again under our own momentum and wonder what we can achieve.” ..... 1 Leaving the White House 1. Eleanor Roosevelt to Lorena Hickok 19 April 1945 ..... 13 On Starting Over 2. My Day 19 April 1945 ..... 15 On FDR and the Founding of the United Nations 3. My Day 25 April 1945 ..... 18 On Germans and the Holocaust 4. My Day 28 April 1945 ..... 21 On the Dangers of Racial Superiority 5. My Day 30 April 1945 ..... 23 6. If You Ask Me May 1945 ..... 25 On Churchill, Stalin, and the German Surrender 7. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 10 May 1945 ..... 27 8. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 14 May 1945 ..... 28 On the Bretton Woods Accords 9. My Day 21 May 1945 ..... 33 On ER’s Political Future 10. Harold Ickes to Eleanor Roosevelt 21 May 1945 ..... 35 11. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harold Ickes 26 May 1945 ..... 36 On the Importance of Unions 12. My Day 26 May 1945 ..... 39 THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 vii ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page viii CONTENTS On Stettinius and the San Francisco Conference 13. My Day 31 May 1945 ..... 41 14. My Day 1 June 1945 ..... 42 Eleanor Roosevelt and Democratic Party Politics 15. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 3 June 1945 ..... 46 16. Eleanor Roosevelt to Robert Hannegan 3 June 1945 ..... 47 17. Eleanor Roosevelt to Edward Flynn 8 June 1945 ..... 49 On Earl Browder and the Communist Party of the United States 18. My Day 9 June 1945 ..... 53 19. My Day 22 June 1945 ..... 54 20. “Tolerance Is an Ugly Word” July 1945 ..... 56 On Being a Correspondent in Russia 21. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 2 July 1945 ..... 57 On Argentina, Poland, and the United Nations 22. Edward Stettinius to Eleanor Roosevelt 10 July 1945 ..... 59 23. Edward Stettinius to Eleanor Roosevelt 26 July 1945 ..... 60 Eleanor Roosevelt and the National Citizens Political Action Committee 24. Eleanor Roosevelt to C. B. Baldwin 19 July 1945 ..... 63 25. Eleanor Roosevelt to Sidney Hillman 27 July 1945 ..... 64 26. “From the Melting Pot—An American Race” 14 July 1945 ..... 66 On Martin Niemöller, Part 1 27. My Day 7 August 1945 ..... 70 28. Ben L. Rose to Eleanor Roosevelt 4 September 1945 ..... 71 29. Eleanor Roosevelt to Ben L. Rose 20 September 1945 ..... 72 30. Trude Lash to Eleanor Roosevelt 1 October 1945 ..... 72 On the New York City Mayoral Race 31. My Day 9 August 1945 ..... 76 32. David Dubinsky to Eleanor Roosevelt 24 August 1945 ..... 77 33. Eleanor Roosevelt to David Dubinsky 27 August 1945 ..... 79 34. Eleanor Roosevelt to David Dubinsky 24 September 1945 ..... 80 On the Atomic Bomb 35. My Day 11 August 1945 ..... 85 On the Japanese Surrender 36. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 15 August 1945 ..... 87 Eleanor Roosevelt and Trusteeship Politics 37. Charles Taussig Conversation wth Eleanor Roosevelt 27 August 1945 ..... 91 Eleanor Roosevelt and United Feature Syndicate’s Russian Assignment 38. Eleanor Roosevelt to James Byrnes 30 August 1945 ..... 96 39. Dean Acheson to Eleanor Roosevelt 14 September 1945 ..... 97 On Full Employment 40. My Day 30 August 1945 ..... 99 viii THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page ix CONTENTS 41. If You Ask Me [excerpt] September 1945 ..... 101 42. “Public Health” September 1945 ..... 102 On the Pearl Harbor Commission and Congress 43. My Day 1 September 1945 ..... 104 44. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 1 September 1945 ..... 105 45. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 7 September 1945 ..... 106 On the UAW Strike Against General Motors 46. My Day 19 September 1945 ..... 108 47. “Suspicion as Peace Bar Feared by Mrs. Roosevelt” 2 October 1945 ..... 111 Rebutting Walter Winchell 48. “Mrs. Roosevelt Says U.S. Must Forget Fears” 10 October 1945 ..... 114 49. “Mrs. Roosevelt Speaks Out” [excerpt] 22 October 1945 ..... 115 50. Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter Winchell 22 October 1945 ..... 115 On Hazel Scott, the Daughters of the American Revolution, and Constitution Hall 51. My Day 15 October 1945 ..... 118 Eleanor Roosevelt and the United Auto Workers Strike 52. Walter Reuther to Eleanor Roosevelt 15 October 1945 ..... 120 53. Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter Reuther 25 October 1945 ..... 120 On FDR, King Ibn Saud, and a Jewish State in Palestine 54. My Day 25 October 1945 ..... 123 Campaigning for the National Citizens Political Action Committee 55. “Mrs. Roosevelt in PAC Talk Here” 1 November 1945 ..... 125 Pushing for Full Employment 56. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 1 November 1945 ..... 130 57. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 6 November 1945 ..... 131 Interceding for Refugee Aid 58. Eleanor Roosevelt to Dean Acheson 15 November 1945 ..... 134 On Winning the Peace 59. Founders’ Day Dinner Address, Roosevelt College 16 November 1945 ..... 136 Assessing the Truman Administration 60. Eleanor Roosevelt to Harry Truman 20 November 1945 ..... 139 61. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 26 November 1945 ..... 141 On Truman’s National Health Insurance Proposal 62. My Day [excerpt] 24 November 1945 ..... 145 63. “Mrs. Roosevelt Hits Mme. Chiang” 5 December 1945 ..... 147 On the United Auto Workers Strike 64. My Day 8 December 1945 ..... 149 65. Walter Reuther to Eleanor Roosevelt 14 December 1945 ..... 150 On Funding the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration 66. My Day 18 December 1945 ..... 154 THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 ix ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page x CONTENTS On Discrimination against Japanese Americans 67. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 21 December 1945 ..... 156 Eleanor Roosevelt Accepts Appointment to the United Nations 68. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 21 December 1945 ..... 158 69. My Day 22 December 1945 ..... 159 70. Archibald MacLeish to Eleanor Roosevelt 27 December 1945 ..... 160 71. Walter White to Eleanor Roosevelt 28 December 1945 ..... 161 72. Walter White to Eleanor Roosevelt 28 December 1945 ..... 162 On the American Committee for Yugoslav Relief 73. Eleanor Roosevelt to Orson Welles 30 December 1945 ..... 168 1946: January–May Introduction: “When will our consciences grow so tender that we will act to prevent human misery rather than avenge it?” ..... 171 “I Can Say Just What I Want” 74. Memorandum of Press Conference 3 January 1946 ..... 182 Eleanor Roosevelt’s London Diary 75. London Diary 6 January 1946 ..... 193 76. London Diary 7 January 1946 ..... 194 77. London Diary 9 January 1946 ..... 195 Drafting the US Position on Refugees 78. Minutes of Meeting of Committee 3 Group 10 January 1946 ..... 202 Fielding Questions on the United Nations 79. Memorandum of Press Conference 15 January 1946 ..... 207 Eleanor Roosevelt’s London Diary 80. London Diary 16 January 1946 ..... 213 On Hopes for the United Nations 81. Albert Hall Speech 17 January 1946 ..... 216 On Jews, Relocation, and Palestine 82. Eleanor Roosevelt to Mrs. Lafayette A. Goldstone 18 January 1946 ..... 219 Eleanor Roosevelt’s London Diary 83. London Diary 23 January 1946 ..... 221 84. London Diary 27 January 1946 ..... 221 The Madison Square Garden Rally for the FEPC 85. A. Philip Randolph to Eleanor Roosevelt 28 January 1946 ..... 228 Opposing Refugee Repatriation 86. Speech before the Committee on Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Affairs 28 January 1946 ..... 230 On Argentina and Other Matters 87. Eleanor Roosevelt to Joseph Lash 3 February 1946 ..... 234 x THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page xi CONTENTS Eleanor Roosevelt’s London Diary 88. London Diary 6 February 1946 ..... 238 Recapping the UN’s First Session 89. My Day 11 February 1946 ..... 242 Debating Vyshinsky and United Nations Refugee Policy, Part 1 90. Andrei Vyshinsky’s Speech in the General Assembly 12 February 1946 ..... 244 91. Eleanor Roosevelt’s Response 12 February 1946 ..... 246 92. Eleanor Roosevelt to Joseph Lash 13 February 1946 ..... 248 On Refugees and Postwar Germany 93. My Day 16 February 1946 ..... 252 94. My Day 18 February 1946 ..... 253 95. Speech before Women’s Division of the United Jewish Appeal 20 February 1946 ..... 255 96. If You Ask Me [excerpt] March 1946 ..... 262 On Postwar Europe, Soviet Posturing, and Presidential Cronyism 97. Memorandum for the President 1 March 1946 ..... 264 98. Harry Truman to Eleanor Roosevelt 7 March 1946 ..... 267 “The Heavy Cost of Peace” 99. Address to the Women’s Joint Congressional Committee 14 March 1946 ..... 271 On Winston Churchill 100. Arthur Murray to Eleanor Roosevelt 19 March 1946 ..... 280 101. Eleanor Roosevelt to Arthur Murray 13 April 1946 ..... 280 Eleanor Roosevelt and the Columbia, Tennessee, Riot 102. Walter White to Eleanor Roosevelt 19 March 1946 ..... 283 103. Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter White 22 March 1946 ..... 283 104. Mary McLeod Bethune to Eleanor Roosevelt 23 March 1946 ..... 283 105. Walter White to Eleanor Roosevelt 25 March 1946 ..... 284 106. Minutes of the National Committee for Defense of Columbia, Tennessee “Riot” Victims 4 April 1946 ..... 286 Creating a Machinery for Peace 107. “Mrs. Roosevelt Speaks” 29 March 1946 ..... 290 Rebutting Jim Crow 108. Eleanor Roosevelt to Allen Smith 24 April 1946 ..... 293 On Immigration to Palestine 109. Eleanor Roosevelt to James McDonald 28 April 1946 ..... 295 Instructing the Nuclear Commission on Human Rights 110. Commission on Human Rights Summary Record [excerpt] 2 May 1946 ..... 298 On Preventing World War III 111. My Day 7 May 1946 ..... 303 THE ELEANOR ROOSEVELT PAPERS: VOLUME 1 1945–1948 xi ERPfm 9/25/06 3:28 PM Page xii CONTENTS On the Proposed UN Subcommission on the Status of Women 112. Carrie Chapman Catt to Eleanor Roosevelt 7 May 1946 ....