Audience and Media Use Research - An International Perspective Report A Publicom AG study commissioned by the Swiss Federal Office of Communications (Bundesamt für Kommunikation) The English version is sponsored by i-jic, The International Association of Joint Industry Committees for Media Research BAKOM / OFCOM / UFCOM Authors: René Grossenbacher Sonja Glaab-Seuken Christian Stumm Jesse Raymond Bächler © Publicom AG, CH-8802 Kilchberg, 2017, v4.0 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincere thanks to all respondents who contributed to this investigation. A special thank you is due to Harald Amschler, Chairman of i-jic, The International Association of Joint Industry Committees for Media Research, for his generous expertise and support, as well as his discerning proofreading of the final report. Publicom AG Kilchberg, 31 March 2017 The report was originally published under: Mediennutzungsforschung im internationalen Vergleich. Eine Untersuchung der Publicom AG im Auftrag des Bundesamtes für Kommunikation, Kilchberg, 2017 The footnotes are not included in the English version. They have to be looked up in the original report 2 Table of Contents Management Summary……………………………………………………………………………5 Inhalt 3 1. Currency Studies in Switzerland and the International Context ......................................... 6 1.1. Radio and TV ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Print Media............................................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Online Media and Social Media ............................................................................................ 8 1.4. Organisational Forms in the Sector (JIC – MOC – OS) .................................................... 9 1.5. Challenges for Cross-Media Approaches ........................................................................ 10 1.6. Future Developments .......................................................................................................... 11 2. Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................. 12 2.1. Project Design and Approach ............................................................................................ 12 2.2. Selection of Countries for Comparison ............................................................................ 13 2.3. Literature and Document Analyses ................................................................................... 14 2.4. Expert Interviews ................................................................................................................. 14 2.5. Presentation of Results ....................................................................................................... 16 3. Results ...................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1. Neighbouring Countries ..................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1. Austria ................................................................................................................................ 17 3.1.2. Germany ............................................................................................................................ 18 3.1.3. Italy ..................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.4. France ................................................................................................................................ 23 3.2. Rest of Europe ......................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1. Netherlands .......................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2. Belgium ................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.3. Denmark ................................................................................................................................ 29 3.2.4. Sweden ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.2.5. Norway .................................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.6. United Kingdom ................................................................................................................... 37 3.2.7. Ireland .................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3. North/South America .............................................................................................................. 44 3.3.1. USA ........................................................................................................................................ 44 3.3.2. Canada .............................................................................................................................. 47 3.3.3. Brazil .................................................................................................................................. 49 3 3.4. Africa, Asia, Oceania ........................................................................................................... 53 3.4.1. South Africa ...................................................................................................................... 53 3.4.2. South Korea ...................................................................................................................... 55 3.4.3. New Zealand ..................................................................................................................... 58 4. Tabular Overview of ComparableCountries ........................................................................ 61 4.1. Neighbouring Countries ..................................................................................................... 61 4.1.1. Austria ................................................................................................................................ 61 4.1.2. Germany ............................................................................................................................ 64 4.1.3. Italy ..................................................................................................................................... 67 4.1.4. France .............................................................................................................................. 69 4.2. Rest of Europe ..................................................................................................................... 72 4.2.1 Netherlands....................................................................................................................... 72 4.2.2. Belgium.............................................................................................................................. 75 4.2.3. Denmark ............................................................................................................................ 78 4.2.4. Sweden .............................................................................................................................. 81 4.2.5 Norway .............................................................................................................................. 84 4.2.6. United Kingdom ................................................................................................................ 87 4.2.7 Ireland ................................................................................................................................ 91 4.3 North/South America .......................................................................................................... 94 4.3.1. USA .................................................................................................................................... 94 4.3.2. Canada .............................................................................................................................. 97 4.3.3. Brazil ................................................................................................................................ 101 4.4. Africa, Asia, Oceania ......................................................................................................... 104 4.4.1. South Africa .................................................................................................................... 104 4.4.2. South Korea .................................................................................................................... 106 4.4.3. New Zealand ................................................................................................................... 109 5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 111 5.1. Comparing currency research organisations – an international perspective ........... 111 5.2. Organisational forms and funding ................................................................................... 112 5.3. Relationship with the State ..............................................................................................