A GUIDE TO frlE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF COMMON COASTAL, GeORGES BANK AND GULF OF MAINE COPEPODS BY Janet A. Murphy and Rosalind E. Cohen National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Center Woods Hole Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 Laboratory Reference No. 78-53 Table of Contents List of Plates i,,;i,i;i Introduction '. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Acarti a cl aus; .. 2 Aca rtia ton sa .. 3 Aca rtia danae .. 4 Acartia long; rem; s co e"" 5 Aetidi us artllatus .. 6 A1teutha depr-e-s-s-a· .. 7 Calanu5 finmarchicus .............•............................ 8 Calanus helgolandicus ~ 9 Calanus hyperboreus 10 Calanus tenuicornis .......................•................... 11 Cal oca 1anus pavo .....................•....•....•.............. 12 Candaci a armata Ii II .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Centropages bradyi............................................ 14 Centropages hama tus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 ~ Centropages typi cus " .. " 0 16 Clausocalanus arcuicornis ..............................•..•... 17 Clytemnestra rostra~ta ................................•.•........ 18 Corycaeus speciosus........................................... 19 Eucalanus elongatu5 20 Euchaeta mar; na " . 21 Euchaeta norveg; ca III co .. 22 Euchirel1a rostrata . 23 Eurytemora ameri cana .......................................•.. 24 Eurytemora herdmani , . 25 Eurytemora hi rundoi des . 26 Halithalestris croni ..................•....................... 27 Labidocera aestiva ~ . 28 Ma crosete 11 a 9raeiiis ................•........................ 29 ~1ecynocera clausii....................•....................... 30 Metri di a 1onga . 31 Metridia lucens . 32 Mi eroca1anus pus i 11 us . 33 Nannocalanus minor .................•.......................... 34 Oithona similis . 35 Oithona spinirostris . 36 Oncaea venus ta . 37 Paraea1anus crassi rostri s . 38 Paraca1anus parvus . 39 PI euromama abdomi na 1is . 40 Pl euromamma borea 1is . 41 Pl euromamma graci 1is . 42 Pl euromamma robus ta . 43 ?seudcca1anus mi niltus . 44 Table of Contents (continued) Page Pseudodiaptomus coronatus 45 Rhi nca 1anus cornutus............................................. 46 Rhi nca1anus nasutus 47 Scolec;thr;x danae 48 Temora 1ongi corni s............................................. .. 49 Tortanus di scauda tus ........................................... .. 50 Undinula vulgaris 51 References II fl •••••••••••••• •• 52 Li st of Pl ates Plate I Anatomy of a calanoid copepod. Plate II Comparative anatomy of calanoid, cyclopoid and harpacticoid copepods. Pl ate III Adult and copepodite stages of Acartia clausi and Acartia tonsa. Plate IV Naupliar stages of Acartia clausi and Acartia tonsa. Plate V. Naupliar stages of Acartia clausi and Acartia tonsa (continued) . Plate VI Acartia danae. Plate VII Acartia longiremis adult female. Plate VIII Acartia longiremis adult male. Plate IX Aetideus armatus. Plate X Alteutha depressa. ., P1ate XI Cal anus finmarch;cus adult female. Plate XII Calanus finmarchicus adult male. Plate XI II Copepodite and naupliar stages of Calanus finmarchicus. Plate XIV Calanus helgolandicus. Plate XV Calanus hyperboreus. Plate XVI Calanus tenuicornis. Plate XVII Calocalanus pavo. Plate XVIII Candaci a armata. Plate XIX Naupl;ar stages of Candacia armata. Plate XX Centropages bradyi. Pl ate XXI Adult and naupliar stages of Centropages hamatus. Pl ate XXII Centropages typicus adult female. ?late XXIII Centrooages typ;cus adult male. Plate XXIV Copepodite stages of Centropages typicus. Plate XXV Naupliar stages of Centropages typicus. Plate XXVI Clausocalanus arcuicornis. Plate XXVII Clytemnestra rostrata. Plate XXVIII Corycaeus speciosus. Plate XXIX Eucalanus elongatus. Plate XXX Copepodite and naupliar stages of Eucalanus elongatus. Plate XXXI Euchaeta marina. Plate XXXII Naupliar stages of Euchaeta marina. Plate XXXIII Euchaeta norvegica adult female. Plate XXXIV Euchaeta norvegica adult male. Plate XXXV Copepodite and naupliar stages of Euchaeta norvegica. Plate XXXVI Euchirella rostrata. Plate XXXVII Adult, copepodite and naupliar stages of Eurytemora americana. Plate XXXVIII Adult, copepodite and naupliar stages of Eurytemora herdmani . Plate XXXIX Eurytemora hirundoides. Plate XL Copepodite and naupliar stages of Eurytemora hirundoides. Plate XLI Halithalestris croni. Plate XLI I Adult and copepodite stages of Labidocera aestiva. Plate XLIII Naupliar stages of Labidocera aestiva. Pla te XLIV Macrosetella gracilis. Plate XLV Mecynocera clausii. Pl ate XLVI Metridia longa. Plate XLVII Adult and naupliar stages of Metridia lucens. Pl ate XLVIII Adult and naupliar stages of M;crocalanus pusillus. Pl ate XLIX Nannocalanus minor. Pl ate L Adult and naupliar stages of Oithona similis. i i Plate LI Adult and naupliar stages of Oithona spinirostris. Plate LII Oncaea venusta. Plate LIII Adult and ecpepodite stages of Paraealanus erassirostris. Plate LIV Naupliar stages of Paracalanus crassirostris. Plate LV Paracalanus parvus adult female. Plate LVI Paracalanus parvus adult male. Plate LVII Copepodite and naupliar stages of Paraealanus parvus. Plate LVIII Pleuromamma abdominalis. Plate LIX Pleuromamma borealis. Plate LX Pleuromamma gracilis. Plate LXI Pleuromamma robusta. Plate LXII Pseudoealanus minutus adult female. Plate LXIII Adult and naupliar stages of Pseudocalanus minutus. Plate LXIV Adult and eapepodite stages of Pseudodiaptamus eoronatus. Plate LXV Naupliar stages of Pseudodiaptomus eoronatus. Plate LXVI Adult and naupliar stages of Rhinealanus earnutus. Plate LXVII Adult and naupliar stages of Rhincalanus nasutus. Pl ate LXVII I Seal eei thri x danae. Plate LXIX Adult and naupliar stages of Temora longieornis. Plate LXX Tortanus diseaudatus. Plate LXXI Copepodite stages of Tortanus discaudatus. Plate LXXII Naupliar stages of Tortanus discaudatus. Plate LXXIII Adult, capepodite and naupliar stages of Undinula vulgaris. iii INTRODUCTION The purpose of this guide is to consolidate widely scattered life history information for fifty common coastal, Georges Bank, and Gulf of Maine area copepods. It is not a comprehensive identification key, but a quick, condensed guide to the developmental stages of these copepods. Included are illustrations, size ranges, and general in­ formation about the distinguishing characteristics, geographical distri­ bution, ecology, feeding habits, and life history of these species. For more detailed information the literature cited in each section should be consulted. Oceanic species are those that occur mainly beyond the continental shelf" in the slope water, the Gulf Stream, or the open ocean. Neritic species occur mainly over the cont~nental shelf though their distribu­ tion may extend into the slope water and beyond. Littoral species occur in sheltered water where the salinity is 20-300/00. Estuarine species prefer water where the daily or weekly salinity change is greater than in strictly littoral areas. A species will g~nerally appear during summer and fall at the northern limits of its geographical range, and it will appear during winter and spring at the southern limits of its range. Where optimum conditions exist year-round, a species will be present throughout the year. PLATE I Anato~1 of a calanoid copepod. Al A2 Md Mx I ~~:--"'I~~+--'i:trn':&':--- Mx 2 L,~~4=---- Mxp LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Th II U A.l, first antenna A2, second antenna Abd, abdomen Ansgm. anal segment 2 Ssp 1, bsp 2. first basipodite. second basipodite E:cp. exopodite E.x.p 1. 2. 3, first, second, third segment of exopo' dite Enp. endopodite Enp 1, 2. 3. first, second, third segment of endo- pedite ~---P3 Gnsgm. genital segment M d, mandible M.x. 1, m.x. 2, first maxilla, second maxilla M:cp, maxilliped -.;:",.,----- P4 PI, P2 ... P5, first pereiopod, second pereiopod ... fifth pereiopod Th, thorax Ur, urosome -.-+------- Gnsgm FIGURE l.-Di.:lgram of a calanoid copepod. ventral view. 4 5 Head Head+Th 1 Th 1 Th 2 5 6 Abdl 2 .. ....."':l o c.. .....o u >-. u 7 Enp (),~ 9 FIGURES 2-10.-2. Megacalanlls princeps <;? donal.­ lIasurus 2, P4,-7, Lucicutia /lavicomis Q, PS'.-8. Metr!· 3. OllcaeQ ,'enllsta Q. dors:ll.--4. Aegisthus a.culeatus 2. dia "enusta Q, PS.-9. Lucicutia /lavicornis ,), P5_IO. dorsal.-5. Caidills I<!nuispmn< &, dorsal.-6. Rhincalanus Euchirella plilchra ,;, P5. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A 1, first antenna Enp 1, 2, 3, first, second, third segment of endo­ A2, second antenna podite Gnsgm. genital segment Abd, abdomen ,'vId, mandible Ansgm, anal segment M x 1, mx 2, first maxilla, second maxilla Bsp 1, bsp 2. first basipodite, second basipodite Mxp, maxilliped Exp. exopodite PI, P2 .,. P5. first pereiopod, second pereiopod Exp I, 2,3, first, second, third segment of exopo­ .,. fifth pereiopod dite Th. thorax Enp. cndopodite Ur. urosome OWR£ AND Taro, 19,,7 Acartia clausi Giesbrecht Calanoida: Acartiidae Distin uishin Characterlstics: The outermost caudal bristle on each cauda ramus;s thinner and only about half as long as the other caudal bristles. In A. tonsa, the outermost caudal bristle is as heavy and nearly as long as the four middle ones (Conover, 1956). The fifth metasomal segment has a row of 4 to 6 small denticles on the edge. The first two segments of the urosome have a row of similar, but smaller denticles (Sars, 1903). Geographical Range: A. clausi occurs on both sides of the temperate North Atlantic. It has a more southerly distribution than A. longiremis (Bigelow, 1926). In the area south