1980013643-002 NASA CP-2111 ' SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WITH l._ THE SPACE TELESCOPE • .: 'i , " International Astronomical Union " Colloquium Number 54 Co Sponsored by COSPAR -_ Heldat the Institute for Advanced Study ._ Princeton, NJ. August 8-11, 1970 M.S._Am Mulla/#l Radio Astronomy Observatory CavendishLeborat(xy Cambridge, England J.W. WARNER National Aeronauticsend SpaceAdministration Marshall SpaceFlight Canter, Alabama '. ]; ? , ForsalebytheSuperintendenoft DocumentsU.S., GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washir.gton,D.C. 20402 ,_ f ; • 4 1980013643-003 t ! - ,_ DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF i ROBERT E. DANIELSON : _ 1931- 1976 4," : _, a- L _.;, .,y ,i 1980013643-004 "i : CONTENTS PAGE Preface vl Organizing Committees vfli _ :"' List of Participants ix '_ TITLE AUTHOR :" _, Opening Remarks L. Spltzer, Jr, i _! /,. The Space Telescope Observatory J.N. Bahcall and 5 ;, C. R, O'Dell : i_ Space Astronomy with the Space M.J.S. Belton 47 ,, Telescope _ Investigation of Small Solar System D. Morrison 77 : ; Objects with the Space Telescope Physical Characteristics of Ionized g.E. Osterbrock 99 P_ _i/ Gaseous Nebulae '_ : Distribution and Composition of E.E. Saltpeter 123 , Y Interstellar Matter Luminosity Functions and Evolution K.C. Freeman 139 ,L of Globular Clusters '_ _ Population Statistics of Faint S. van den Bergh 151 _! ": Stellar and Non-Stellar Objects _ ,_ !" Space Telescope Observations of A, Oemler, Jr, 165 "_ Normal Galaxies '_ _ Galactic Evolution with the Space B.M. Tinsley 181 "_, \:, .. Telescope i " : '_ The Central Regions of Active W.L.W. Sargent 197 :' Galaxies and Quasars Absorption Lines in the Spectra of J.N. Bahcall 215 _ _" Distant Objects _ " Radio Astronomers, X-Ray Astronomers M.S. Longair 241 _ ' Parndectheise DSpaceeterminTealtionescopeof the C.A. Tammann 263 ._ \ Distance_ of Galaxies _ • The Problems of Cosmology P.J.E. Peeb!es 295 :_ Summary of the Conference J.E. Gunn 313 ') ' " NASA In-House Astronomers-Verse and #_ N.W. Hinners 321 ,: Converse k V ; i :3 ';,*_" PREC_OtN_PAt_£m._K NOT FILMED f,_%, i/_ ,.+ # • , L , "_ 1980013643-005 I PREFACE L This volume contains the proceedings of IAU Colloquium No. 54; C: "Scientific Research with the Space _elescope." The editors feel no need to describe the nature of the col]oquium or its scientific sig- :- nlficance since these are eloquently described by Professor Lyman . Spitzer in his opening remarks. _! ..: The formal scientific programme of the colloquium lasted 3½ days _. .,_ and consisted of 7 sessions of three hours. The 14 invited lectures : delivered surveys of broad fields of importance for observations with .' the Space Telescope, each presentation lasting about 45 minutes. The _ remaining 45 minutes of each half-session was coordinated by a dis- cussion leader who, besides keeping contributors to the discussion in ' ._ order, generally commented on the subject area. We have included all the questions and discussion in this volume since the fields covered -. _' in the surveys were very broad and the discussions complemented the main ,_ presentations. We have concentrated upon scientific matters concerned , :.. _ with the astronomical and astrophysical use of the Space Telescope. =: Many of the contributors to the discussion kindly provided us with written versions of their comments. In other cases, the comments were t transcribed, abridged and edited by the editors from the tapes of the _ discussion. Any mispresentation of the significance of these comments •_ is the fault of the editors who herewith offer their apologies in _ advance. We have not included discussions of purely technical questions _ concerning the operation of the telescope and its scientific instruments _, nor of the way in which the Space Telescope project will be organised "_-' in the operational phase. Discussion of many of these topics insofar __ as they are understood in mid-1979 can be found in the article by "_ Bahcall and O'Dell, "The Space Telescope Observatory," which is included in th_ present volume° The contents of this article were not _. described in the formal sessions but were the subject of a lively discussion on the evening of Wednesday, August 8, 1979. % We are also fortunate in being able to include the address entitled "NASA In-House Astronomers Capabilities - Verse and j Converse" giver, by Dr. Hinners, former NASA Associate Administrator •_ for Space Science, at the banquet on the evening of Friday, August I0, d_ % 1979. • vi , 1980013643-006 . • t +, - + • ;:, ' • , ,+,+' • - _ • . .,, , . A, ,I +. _ + • • + + ' '. "., -t . _ -, _ .+, +, :+ ! _+ We are particularly grateful to all the invited lecturers for _ having responded so positively to our request that they provide us :,. with camera-ready versions of their presentations. We have also 1 _ _'• received generous help and support from many other people. Mary J Wisnowsky, the colloquium coordinator, solved all problems at super- i _ luminal velocity. In particular, she arranged for the preliminary _- typing of many of the hand-written comments by her expert staff. Oon _ _ x Hortenbach and his assistants ensured that the discussion was recorded ] and participants discreetly requested to write down their significant i " +' withcontributions.amazing accuracyMolly Jonesand speanded Marionat Cambridge.Childs typedVirginiaall Bobothe discussionscompleted i : ,-' the typing of preface, contents, list of participants, etc. We thank _ _: all these people for their efforts which we greatly appreciate. MSL also thanks Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Longair for hospitaiity in Ottawa during the period immediately foiiowing the General Assembly _: of the IAU in Montreal when the bulk of the scientific editing of the proceedings was completed. "! Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the generous efforts of the Marshall Space Flight Center which has taken on the responsibility of v ;., publishing and disseminating the colloquium proceedings speedily and )S : efficiently. :_" Malcolm Longair ,, John Warner -? :,, 2+" 4 ': _ + _ vii t S 1980013643-007 i'.-_2' "' '< ........... ' "++_• _ +"' +......... "_ _+" ++'_ ''+¢+_ • ....• '• •>:+ +'_ • _ +' ,- 7 f I +. f _; SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZING COMMITTEE i+ L. Spitzer, Chairman Princeton, U.S.A. _+ M. J. S. Belton Tucson, U.S.A. _ - G.B. Field _ambridge, U.S.A. ._ I.R. King Berkeley, U.S.A. i_" M.S. Longair Cambridge, England :_ :i_ R.Z. Sagdeev Moscow, U.S.S.R. _ W. L. W. Sargent Pasadena, U.S.A. H. C. van de Hulst Leiden, Netherlands _+ L. WoltJer Geneva, Switzerland _ ,_ LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE _ _._ J.B. Rogerson, Chairman ,_ ._ _. N. Bahcall _<++ E.J. Groth 4 _, PATRONS Lockheed Missiles and Space Company '_ Perkln-Elmer Corporation _' : t e viii ,, 4 ' t 1980013643-008 List of Participants R. J. ALLEN Oroningen , S. ATREYA University of Michigan " # _ J. AUDOUZE Paris .> J.N. Bahcall IAS M. A'HEARN University of Marylav_ N. A. Bahcall Princeton University _: ?: ,z E.S. BARKER McDonald Observatory W. A. BAUM Lowell Observatory i _._ H.J.S. BELTON KPNO \_ S. VAN DEN BERGH Dominion Astroph. Observatory f F. BERTOLA Padua • J. C, BHATTACHARYYA Bangalore, £ndia _ R.C. BLESS University of Wisconsin f !i R.C. BOHLIN GSFC _,_ A. BOKSENBERG U College, London % _ R. M, BONNET Verrieres-le-Bulsson A BOYARCHUK USSR Acaaemy of Sciences J. C. BRANDT GSFC _¢ R. BROWN Harvard 2 E. M. _URBIDGE U of California, San Diego _ : B.F. BURKE MIT ._ J.J. CALDWELL SUNY V. CASTELLANI Frascati 7 _. S. COLLIN-SObFFRIN Meudon ._ L.L. COWIE Princeton 0niversity l P. CRANE ESO, Geneva :i i_ A. DAVIDSEN Johns Hopkins A. DOLLFUS Paris J. ELLIOT MIT ix 1980013643-009 / J. EINASTO DSSR Academy of Sciences :: W. G. FASTIE Johns Hopkins :" G. B. FIELD Harvard '_ K.C. FREEMAN Australian National Observatory _ Canberra , J _ J.S. GALLAGHER University of Illinois ,_, J.R. GOTT Princeton University ': g. J. GROTH Princeton University -_ J.E. GUNN Caltech -3 _4 R. HARMS Universlty of California, ; _ San Diego .:- J. HEIDMANN Paris P. HEMENWAY University of Texas -_ N. HINNERS Smithsonlan Institution, '; _ Washington DC ._ L.M. HOBBS University of Chicagn J, A. HOFFM/_ NASA '_ W, F. HOWARD NSF /4 J, HUCHRA Harvard ._ R. HUMPHREYS University of Minnesota .. _. G. ILLINGWORTH KPNO -. _ E. B, JENKINS Princeton University •_ M. JURA UCLA i F. J, KERR University of Maryland I. R. KING University of Califorala, Berkeley R. KIRSHNER University of Michigan ! K. KODAIRA ToKyo H. C. VAN DE HULST Leiden q _. VAN DER KRUIT Gronlngen _ V.G. KURT USSR Academy of Sciences _. _. VAN DER LAAN Leiden ') _' i 't _,_ i' £ & ' M a • ° 1980013643-010 t t i: ._ >_ D. LAMBERT University of Texas _ C. LAURENT Verr1_res-le-Buisson :_ = D.S. LECKRONE GSFC _ J. LEIBACHER Lockheed Research Lab. v P. O. LINDBLAD ESO, Geneva • M. S. LONGAIR Mullard Radio Astron. Observatory < F. MACCHETTO ESA, Paris - 'Q-: , H.W. MOOS Johns Hopkins < D. MORRISON University of Hawaii _ _ D.C. MORTON Anglo-Australian Observatory •. k A. G. OEMLER Yale J. B. OKE Caltech D. E. OSTERBROCK University of California, g Santa Cruz .i J' P" OSTRIKER Princeton University • _ T.C. OWEN SUNY _ F. PACINI Florence P. J. E. PEEBLES Princeton University : M. PEIMBERT University of Mexico V. PETROSIAN Stanford University _i, C.B. PILCHER University of Hawaii F. PRADERIE Meudon J. B. ROGERSON Princeton University N. G. ROMAN NASA Headquarters '- V. C. RUBIN Carnegie Institution of Washington :" E.E. SALPET_R Cornell l/i" W.L.W. Sargent Caltech _i B.D. SAVAGE University of Wisconsin ':' i= P. SCHECHTER Harvard i, i' M. SCHWARZSCHILD Princeton University , _', a 1980013643-011 I z ! / Y, L. SHAKHBAZIAN USSR Academy of Sciences ! J.