Initial Environmental Examination: Wai Batu Merah Flood Control Ambon – Maluku (CW 04) March 2020 Indonesia: Flood Management in Selected River Basins Sector Project Prepared by Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works and Housing for the Republic of Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 March 2020) Currency unit – rupiah (Rp) Rp1.00 = $0.0000617551 $1.00 = Rp16,193 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AMDAL – Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA AP – Affected Persons BWS – Major River Basin Organization BLH – City Environmental Management, established in Kota Ambon BWS – River Basin Organization CPMU – Central Project Management Unit DED – Detailed Engineering Design DGWR – Directorate General of Water Resources DLH – Provincial/City Environmental Agency EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EARR – Emergency Assistance for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan FGD – Focus Group Discussions FMSRB – Flood Management in Selected River Basins GERHAN – National Movement for Forest and Land Rehabilitation GOI – Government of Indonesia GR – Government Regulation IA – Implementing Agency IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency LARP – Land Acquisition and Resettlements Plan LG – Local Government MOEF – Ministry of Environment and Forestry NGO – Non-government organizations O&M – Operation and Maintenance OPD – Regional Organization (Organisasi Perangkat Daerah) PAM – Project Administration Manual PIU – Project Implementation Unit PMU – Project Management Unit POLA – Pola Pengelolaan SDA (“Water Resource Strategic Plan”) PU – Public Works REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment RKL/RPL – Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan, Complementary of AMDAL Report RTRW – Regional Spatial Plan SKKLH – Decree on Environmental Feasibility SPPL – Commitment Letter for Environmental Management and Monitoring SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement TOR – Terms of Reference UKL/UPL – Environmental Management & Monitoring Plan, substitute of AMDAL NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Indonesia and its agencies ends on 31 December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31 December 2011. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 A. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................. 4 A.1. Policy Legal and Administrative Framework .............................................................. 6 A.2. Government of Indonesia’s Environmental Policy and Regulatory Framework .......... 7 A.3. Purpose of the IEE .................................................................................................... 8 B. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 10 B.1. Type, Category, and Purpose ................................................................................. 10 B.2. Description of the Project ........................................................................................ 11 B.2.1. Project Location ........................................................................................... 11 B.2.2. Design, Magnitude and Construction Description ............................................ 15 B.3. Description of the Subproject .................................................................................. 39 B.4. Indicative Project Activities ..................................................................................... 43 B.4.1. Pre-Construction Phase ................................................................................ 43 B.4.2. Construction Phase ...................................................................................... 43 B.4.3. Post Construction Phase .............................................................................. 44 C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................ 45 C.1. Physical Resources ................................................................................................. 45 C.1.1. Administration .............................................................................................. 45 C.1.2. Topography .................................................................................................. 46 C.1.3. Climate ........................................................................................................ 47 C.1.4. Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................................... 48 C.1.5. Hydrology ..................................................................................................... 49 C.1.6. Water Quality ............................................................................................... 55 D.1.7. Geology and Soil .......................................................................................... 57 C.1.8. Land Use ..................................................................................................... 58 D.1.9. Critical Land ................................................................................................. 58 D.1.10. Landslide ..................................................................................................... 60 C.2. Ecological Resources .............................................................................................. 61 C.2.1. Flora ............................................................................................................ 61 C.2.2. Fauna .......................................................................................................... 61 C.2.3. Water Biota .................................................................................................. 63 C.3. Social Economic Resources and Culture ................................................................. 64 D. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 71 D.1. Environmental Impact Identification......................................................................... 71 D.2. Potential Environmental Impacts Screening ............................................................ 76 D.3. Anticipated Environmental and Mitigation Measures ............................................... 80 E. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................... 87 IEE CW04 Wai Batu Merah Flood Control i F. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ..................... 90 F.1. Public Consultation ................................................................................................. 91 G. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ........................................................................... 93 H. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................................... 96 H.1. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ................................................... 96 H.2. Implementation Arrangement ................................................................................ 108 H.3. GOI Permits .......................................................................................................... 109 H.4. Capacity Building .................................................................................................. 109 H.5. Environmental Monitoring Cost ............................................................................. 110 H.6. Implementation Schedule ...................................................................................... 110 I. CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS .................................................................... 111 I.1. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 111 I.2. Recommendations ................................................................................................ 111 IEE CW04 Wai Batu Merah Flood Control ii List of Tables Table 1: History of AMDAL Preparation for Wai Batu Merah Flood Control ..........................................5 Table 2: IFC guidelines applicable to this project ..................................................................................6 Table 3: Features of Petra and Yacobus Check Dams ....................................................................... 15 Table 4: Excavated volume sediment removal from Rinjani ............................................................... 28 Table 5: Types and Requirements of Heavy Equipment for construction Ambon Wai Batu Merah Flood Control ........................................................................................................................