CATEGORIES IN THE IAEA SAFETY SERIES A hierarchical categorization scheme beenhas introduced, according whichto publicationsthe IAEAthe in Safety Series groupedare follows:as Safety Fundamentals (silver cover) Basic objectives, concepts and principles to ensure safety. Safety Standards (red cover) Basic requirements which mus e satisfieb t o ensurdt e safet r particulafo y r activitie r applicatioso n areas. Safety Guides (green cover) Recommendations, on the basis of international experience, relating to the fulfilmen f basio t c requirements. Safety Practices (blue cover) Practical example detailed san d method applicatioe s useth whice b r dn fo hca n of Safety Standards or Safety Guides. Safety Fundamentals and Safety Standards are issued with the approval of the IAEA Board of Governors; Safety Guides and Safety Practices are issued under the authorit Directoe th f yo r Genera IAEAe th f o l. Ther othee ear r IAEA publications which also contain information importano t safety, in particular in the Proceedings Series (papers presented at symposia and conferences) Technicae th , l Reports Series (emphasi technologican so l aspectsd an ) the IAEA-TECDOC Series (information usually in preliminary form). CORRIGENDA to International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources Safety5 Serie11 . sNo p. 48 In para 14(b. II . ) replace "focal spot position" with "focal spot size", p. 88 followine footnotn I th d Tablo pareno t ad ea I gtw e I- t nuclide progend san y (firs sixth)d an t : Sr-80 Rb-80 Ag-108m Ag-108 p. 91 In para. H-2 replace "para. 205" with "para. 2.5". p. 92 In footnote 40 replace "para. 418" with "para. 1-18". p. 277 In footnot Tablo t ed e II-IX replace "time" with "half-time". p. 285 In Table IV-II replace "Gy-a"1" with "Sv-a"1". p. 289 In para. V-l 1 replace "V-ll-V-16" with "V.I 1-V.16". p. 299 In the definition of Committed effective dose after "integration time t" insert "and W is the tissue weighting factor for tissue T". T p. 304 definitioe Inth Healtf no h professional replace "paediatry" with "podiatry". p. 307 In the definition of Multiple scan average dose replace the limits of integration with "+nI/2" and "-nI/2". p. 319 In the Index spaces not preceded by commas should be inclusive intervals; e.g., "2.10 2.14" shoul "2.10-2.14"e db . p. 319 In the entry for authorized person delete "2.7,". p. 321 Replace the entry for embryo with "embryo/foetus 1.17,1.27, II. 16, II. 18, Table IV-I". p. 322 Replace "foetus (see embryo)" with "foetus (see embryo/foetus)". p. 324 Replace "programme (see protection and safety programme)" with "programme (see pro- tection and safety)". INTERNATIONAL BASIC SAFETY STANDARDS PROTECTIOR FO N AGAINST IONIZING RADIATION SAFETE TH ANR F YO D FO RADIATION SOURCES SAFETY 5 SERIE11 . SNo INTERNATIONAL BASIC SAFETY STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IONIZING RADIATION AND FOR THE SAFETY OF RADIATION SOURCES Jointly sponsore: dby Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency International Labour Organisation Nuclear Energy Agence th f yo Organisatio r Econominfo c Co-operatio Developmend nan t Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1996 Permission to reproduce or translate the information contained in this publica- e obtaineb y tio writiny ma n db e Internationa th o gt l Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. IAEA© , 1996 VIC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International basic safety standard protectior sfo n against ionizing radiatiod nan for the safety of radiation sources. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 1996. (Safet— . ycm series4 2 ; , . p ISSN 0074-189 ; 2115 . Safety standards) STI/PUB/996 ISBN 92-0-104295-7 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Radiation—Safety measures—Standards. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. III. Series: Safety series. Safety standards. VICL 95-02815 Printed by the IAEA in Austria February 1996 STI/PUB/996 FOREWORD These International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources mark the culmination of efforts that have continued ove pase rth t several decades toward harmonizatioe sth radiaf no - tion protectio safetd nan y standards internationally Standarde Th . jointle sar y spon- Fooe soreAgriculturd th dan y db e Organizatio Unitee th f no d Nations (FAO)e th , International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Internationae th , l Labour Organisation (ILO) Nucleae th , r Energy Agenc Organisatioe th f yo r Econominfo c Co-operation and Development (OECD/NEA), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) anWorle dth d Health Organization (WHO) (the Sponsoring Organizations). The unprecedented international effort to draft and review the Standards involved hundreds of experts from the Member States of the Sponsoring Organiza- tion frod san m specialized organizations meetine Technicae Th . th f go l Committee that endorsed the Standards in December 1993 was attended by 127 experts from 52 countries and 11 organizations. A further Technical Committee verified the technical translatione editinth d gan s between Englis Arabicd han , Chinese, French, Russia Spanishd nan . The IAEA's Board of Governors approved the Standards at its 847th Meeting on 12 September 1994. For PAHO, the XXIV Pan American Sanitary Conference endorsed the Standards on 28 September 1994 following a recommendation from the 113th Meetin PAHe th f go O Executive Committe Jun8 2 en eo 1994 Directoe Th . r confirmeO FA Genera e FAO'e th d th f o l s technical endorsemen Standarde th f o t s on 14 November 1994. WHO completed its adoption process for the Standards on 27 January 1995 when the Director-General's report on the subject was noted by the Executive Board at its 95th session. The ILO's Governing Body approved publication of the Standards at its meeting on 17 November 1994. The OECD/NEA Steering Committee approve Standarde dth y 1995 s meetinMa it .t 2 a s Thi n go s completed the authorization process for joint publication by all the Sponsoring Organizations. IAEe Th herewitAs i h issuin Standarde gth thein si r final edition, which super- sedes the Interim Edition (Safety Series No. 115-1) issued in December 1994. The Standards are issued in the IAEA Safety Series as a final publication in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russia Spanishd nan . EDITORIAL NOTE The Principal Requirements of these Standards, which presentedare mainthe in body text,ofthe generally formthe 'shall'use makingin statements about requirements, dutiesand obligations. The Detailed Requirements, which are presented in the Appendices, also use 'shall' in statements consequential to the Principal Requirements, with the implication that these requirements apply unless other more desirable options protectionfor safetyand have been established. As exceptions to this general rule, the requirements on or related to the justification of practices of and interventions, statements referring declarationthe to of preg- nancy by female workers and a number of statements on medical exposures use the form 'should' to mean a desired option, and a general condition, for protection and safety. Many Principal Requirements of the Standards are not addressed to any specific party, the implication being that they should be fulfilled by the appropriate party (ies). Conversely, Detailedthe Requirements Appendicesthe in generally specify appropriatethe party (ies) responsible for fulfilling the requirement. The values of committed effective dose per unit intake and the gut transfer factors given in Schedule II are based on the latest information provided by the ICRP and are consistent with the relevant ICRP publications. These values underwent quality assurance checking, as a result of which revisions were made. Please note that the values presented here consequently differ from those published in the Interim Edition of the Standards (Safety Series No. 115-1). The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judge- ment by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities institutions delimitationand the of or theirof boundaries. PREFACE BACKGROUND Although all the Sponsoring Organizations are involved in the international harmonizatio f radiationo n protectio safetyd n an IAE e th , specificallAs i y authorized unde terme s Statutit th r f o sestabliso et h standard protectioe f safetth o s r fo y f no minimizatioe healtth d han dangef no lifeo r t consultatio n i , n wit Unitee hth d Nations anspecializee dth d agencies concerned t surprisinglyNo . , therefore famile th f n i y,o international governmental organizations firse th , t endeavou establiso t r h standards for radiation protection and safety was made at the IAEA. The Board of Governors e IAEoth f A first approved radiation protectio d safetan n y measure n Marci s h I9601 ,s statewhewa dt i n that "The Agency's basic safety standard . wil.. se b l basedextene th o t ,t possible recommendatione th n o , Internationae th f so l Commis- sion on Radiological Protection (ICRP)". The Board first approved basic safety standard Junn si e 1962; they were publishe IAEe th s SafetAy a db y. 2 Serie9 . sNo A revised version was published in 19673. A third revision was published by the IAEA as the 1982 Edition of Safety Series No. 94; this Edition was jointly sponsored by the IAEA, the ILO, the OECD/NEA and the WHO. In 1990, an important step towards international harmonization of radiation protection and safety took place: an Inter-Agency Committee on Radiation Safety (IACRS) was constituted as a forum for consultation on and collaboration in radia- tion safety matters between international organizations5.