iii Cold War Freud Psychoanalysis in an Age of Catastrophes Dagmar Herzog Graduate Center, City University of New York /36768:DDAC, 534697 957 27CD817C330437CA3D,,C475DDD:7.34697 .7D7C8C7333473D:DDAC, 534697 957D7C :DDAC,6 9 iv University Printing House, Cambridge !" # $ "% , United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/ '($))*(*(#+'$ © Dagmar Herzog #*)( This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published #*)( Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ,%"- '($- )- )*(- *(#+'- $ Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of ./0 s for external or third- party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. /36768:DDAC, 534697 957 27CD817C330437CA3D,,C475DDD:7.34697 .7D7C8C7333473D:DDAC, 534697 957D7C :DDAC,6 9 v CONTENTS List of Figures page vii Introduction 1 Part I Leaving the World Outside 19 1 The Libido Wars 21 Homophobia’s Durability and the Reinvention 2 of Psychoanalysis 56 Part II Nazism’s Legacies 87 3 Post- Holocaust Antisemitism and the Ascent of PTSD 89 4 The Struggle between Eros and Death 123 Part III Radical Freud 151 5 Exploding Oedipus 153 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, on 01 Apr 2021 at 13:39:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139680455 vi vi / Contents 6 Ethnopsychoanalysis in the Era of Decolonization 179 Afterword 212 Acknowledgments 221 Notes 224 Index 305 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, on 01 Apr 2021 at 13:39:42, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139680455 vii F I G U R E S 1 Marianna Bolko, Elvio Fachinelli, and Berthold Rothschild. This photograph appeared in the Italian magazine L’Espresso , August 3, 1969, p. 17, and subsequently in the journal Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane , 2006, Volume 40, no. 3, p. 710 ( www.psicoterapiaescienzeumane.it ). Reprinted with permission. page 6 2 Cover of Karen Horney, The Neurotic Personality of Our Time (New York: Norton Books, 1937). Courtesy of Norton Books. 25 3 Rabbi Joshua Loth Liebman with family. Originally published in Ladies’ Home Journal ® magazine, January 1948. 38 4 Cartoon accompanying the essay by Richard Gilman, “The FemLib Case against Sigmund Freud,” in the New York Times Magazine , January 31, 1971 © 1971 New York Times . 69 5 John Fryer as Dr. H. Anonymous at the American Psychiatric Association meeting in Dallas in 1972. Photo by Kay Tobin © Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. 71 6 Robert Bazell, “Auschwitz and Viet: – The Survivors” article in the New York Post , October 3, 1972 © 1972 New York Post . William G. Niederland Collection, Leo Baeck Institute. 111 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, on 01 Apr 2021 at 13:39:43, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139680455 viii viii / List of Figures 7 Cover of the book Psicoterapia y represión política , by Elizabeth Lira and Eugenia Weinstein, pub- lished by Siglo xxi Editores S.A. de C.V. de México. Reprinted by permission of Siglo xxi . 119 8a Alexander Mitscherlich talking with Heinz Kohut, late 1960s. Photoarchiv des Sigmund- Freud- Instituts, Frankfurt am Main. 130 8b Alexander Mitscherlich in 1973. Photoarchiv des Sigmund- Freud- Instituts, Frankfurt am Main. 130 9 Konrad Lorenz in 1988. Picture credit: Natur 11/ 1988. 148 10 Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in 1980. Photo by Marc Gantier/ Gamma- Rapho via Getty Images. 154 11a&b Front and back covers of the Spanish translation of Anti- Oedipus , El Antiedipo (Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1974). With permission from Grupo Planeta (Spain). 174 12 Title page of the special issue of the US- based journal Semiotext(e) in 1977 dedicated to Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti- Oedipus . Reprinted by permission. 175 13 Fritz Morgenthaler, Paul Parin and Goldy Parin- Matthèy in Zürich- Höngg, 1954. Photo Credit: Barbara Cameron/ heritage Morgenthaler. 180 14 Paul Parin and Abinu in 1960. Courtesy of Archiv der Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien, Nachlass Paul Parin, Fotosammlung (SFUA- PP- SF- AR- 03- 85- 33). 187 15a Two photographs of a naven ritual in Papua New Guinea accompanying an essay by Fritz Morgenthaler in the journal Psyche: Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen , in 1974. Copyright: Fritz Morgenthaler. 202 15b Another photograph taken by Morgenthaler of the naven ritual. Copyright: Fritz Morgenthaler. 203 16 Drawing by Karl Geiser, 1929, accompanying the essay by Fritz Morgenthaler, “Innere und äussere Autonomie,” in Neue Zürcher Zeitung , July 7, 1979. Reprinted by permission of the Morgenthaler family and the Neue Zürcher Zeitung . 206 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, on 01 Apr 2021 at 13:39:43, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139680455 1 INTRODUCTION Cold War Freud addresses the uneasy encounters of Freudian theories about desire, anxiety , aggression , guilt , trauma , and pleasure – and the very nature of the human self and its motivations – with the calamitous events of World War II and beyond. While psychoanalysis is often taken to be ahistorical in its view of human nature, the oppo- site is the case. The impact of epochal historical transformations on psychoanalytic premises and practices is particularly evident in the postwar decades. This was precisely when psychoanalysis gained the greatest traction, across the West, within medicine and mainstream belief alike. For in the course of the second half of the twentieth cen- tury, psychoanalytic thinking came consequentially to infl ect virtually all other thought- systems – from the major religious traditions to the social science disciplines and from conventional advice literature to radical political protest movements. Psychoanalysis, in all its unruly complexity, became an integral part of twentieth- century social and intellectual history. The heyday of intellectual and popular preoccupation with psychoanalysis reached from the 1940s to the 1980s – from postwar conservative consolidation to delayed- reaction engagement with the legacies of Nazism and the Holocaust , from the anti- Vietnam War movement and the concomitant inversion of generational and moral alignments to the confrontation with new Cold War dictatorships , and from the sexual revolution and the rise of women’s and gay rights to an intensifi ed interest in learning from formerly colonized peoples in Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Pennsylvania Libraries, on 01 Apr 2021 at 13:39:44, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139680455.001 2 2 / Cold War Freud an – only unevenly – postcolonial world. The battles within and around psychoanalysis provided a language for thinking about the changes in what counted as truth about how human beings are, and what could and should be done about it. But the possible relationships between psychoanalysis and politics were fraught, and a permanent source of ambivalence. Sigmund Freud died in 1939 in his London exile. Ever the self- reviser, he had tacked frequently between issues of clinical tech- nique, anthropological speculation, and political opinion. For him, psychoanalysis was, at once, a therapeutic modality, a theory of human nature, and a toolbox for cultural criticism. In the years that followed, however, the irresolvable tensions between the therapeu- tic and the cultural- diagnostic potentials of psychoanalysis would be argued over not just by Freud’s detractors but also by his disci- ples. And the stakes had changed, drastically. The confl icts between the various possible uses of psychoanalytic thinking were especially intense in the wake of the rupture in civilization constituted by the wild success of Nazism in the 1930s and the unprecedented enormity of mass murder in the 1940s. This was not just because of the ensu- ing dispersion of the analytic community, but above all because of the stark questions posed by the historical events themselves. Psychoa- nalysis, it turned out, could have both normative- conservative and socially critical implications. And while its practitioners and promot- ers careened often between seeking to explain dynamics in the most intimate crevices of fantasies and bodies and venturing to pronounce on culture and politics in the broadest senses of those terms, there was never a self- evident relationship between the possible political implications of psychoanalytic precepts, left, middle, or right, on the one hand, and the niceties of psychotherapeutic method or theoreti- cal formulation, on the other. And neither of these matters matched up easily with the declarations of rupture or of fealty to Freud made on all sides. In 1949, the fi rst post- World War II meeting of the International Psychoanalytical Association was held in Zurich . World events had kept the IPA from meeting for more than a decade. In Zurich, the Welsh- born, London- based neurologist and psychoanalyst Erne st Jones – President of the IPA, one of the most respected exponents of psychoanalysis in Britain, longtime editor of the International Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core.