2020-2025 Keweenaw County Hazard Mitigation Plan [DRAFT] PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK Keweenaw County Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents SECTION 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 2 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 3 Authority ............................................................................................................................. 3 SECTION 2: Planning Process .................................................................................................... 4 Overview of Hazard Mitigation Planning ........................................................................... 4 History of Hazard Mitigation Planning Keweenaw County ............................................... 5 Preparing the 2020 Plan ...................................................................................................... 5 The Planning Team ............................................................................................................. 7 Local Planning Team Meetings .......................................................................................... 9 Involving the Public .......................................................................................................... 10 Involving Stakeholders ..................................................................................................... 11 SECTION 3: Community Profile .............................................................................................. 12 Geography, Environment, and Land Use .......................................................................... 12 Population and Demographics .......................................................................................... 17 Housing and Infrastructure ............................................................................................... 19 Employment and Industry ................................................................................................. 23 Police, Fire, and Emergency Services ............................................................................... 24 Critical Facilities and Cultural Assets............................................................................... 26 Disaster Declarations ........................................................................................................ 33 SECTION 4: Hazard Identification .......................................................................................... 34 SECTION 5: Hazard Analysis ................................................................................................... 40 Study Area ........................................................................................................................ 40 Natural Hazards: Weather Hazards ................................................................................... 40 Extreme Temperatures ................................................................................................ 41 Fog .............................................................................................................................. 44 Hail .............................................................................................................................. 45 Ice and Sleet Storms.................................................................................................... 48 Lightning ..................................................................................................................... 49 Severe Winds .............................................................................................................. 50 Snowstorms and Blizzards .......................................................................................... 54 Tornadoes .................................................................................................................... 56 Hydrological Hazards ....................................................................................................... 60 Dam Failures ............................................................................................................... 61 Riverine and Urban Flooding...................................................................................... 62 Shoreline Flooding and Erosion.................................................................................. 65 Drought ....................................................................................................................... 67 Ecological Hazards ........................................................................................................... 68 Wildfires ..................................................................................................................... 69 Invasive Species .......................................................................................................... 72 iii Keweenaw County Hazard Mitigation Plan Geological Hazards ........................................................................................................... 77 Earthquakes ................................................................................................................. 77 Subsidence (Ground Collapse) ................................................................................... 78 Technological Hazards: Industrial Hazards ...................................................................... 81 Scrap Tire Fire ............................................................................................................ 82 Structural Fires ............................................................................................................ 82 Hazardous Materials: Fixed Site Incident ................................................................... 84 Hazardous Materials: Transportation Accident .......................................................... 86 Petroleum and Natural Gas Incidents ......................................................................... 87 Infrastructure Hazards ....................................................................................................... 90 Infrastructure Failures and Secondary Technological Hazards .................................. 90 Transportation Accidents ............................................................................................ 92 Human-Related Hazards ................................................................................................... 94 Civil Disturbances ....................................................................................................... 94 Public Health Emergencies ......................................................................................... 96 Sabotage and Terrorism ............................................................................................ 100 SECTION 6: Risk Assessment ................................................................................................. 103 Differential Vulnerability................................................................................................ 103 Hazard Priority Risk Index and Ranking ........................................................................ 108 PRI Results................................................................................................................ 111 SECTION 7: Hazard Mitigation ............................................................................................. 115 Overview of Mitigation Strategy Development .............................................................. 115 Review and Update of Mitigation Goals ........................................................................ 117 Capability Assessment .................................................................................................... 117 Mitigating Hazards in Keweenaw County ...................................................................... 120 Mitigation Resources ...................................................................................................... 129 Updating the 2020 Keweenaw County Hazard Mitigation Plan ..................................... 130 SECTION 8: Action Plan ......................................................................................................... 131 Past Mitigation Accomplishments .................................................................................. 131 Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 141 Appendix A: County Capability Snapshot Appendix B: Shoreline Erosion Maps for Houghton County Appendix C: Mitigation Funding and Resources Appendix D: County Letter to Commit Match Appendix E: Public Participation Appendix F: Meeting Materials Appendix G: State Document Review Appendix H: Plan Adoption Introduction iv Keweenaw County Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Figures Figure 2.1: Hazard Mitigation Planning Process ............................................................................ 6 Figure 5.1: NOAA’s National Weather Heat Index Chart ...........................................................