J. People Plants Environ. Vol. 20 No. 2: 185-193, April 2017 ISSN 2508-7673(Print) https://doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2017.20.2.185 ISSN 2508-7681(Online) Survey Analysis of Regional Name, Use and Availability of Gnaphalium affine at Jeonnam Province 1 1 1 2 3 Yun Jum Park , Yang Gyu Ku , Ho Cheol Kim , Ja Yong Cho , and Buk Gu Heo * 1 Department of Horticulture Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, South Korea 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Jeonnam Provincial College, Damyang 57337, South Korea 3 Naju Foundation of Natural Dyeing Culture, Naju 58280, South Korea Abstract In order to establish basic data for the succession and development of use culture of Gnaphalium affine, a traditional rice cake plant resource, this study was carried out with a survey on 259 women aged 60 or over living 18 city and county in Jeonnam province. The results are summarized as follows. All respondents in the survey did not know the standard name of Gnaphalium affine. 178 repondents (68.7%) knew the plant name called in the local area. The frequency was higher in the order of Jebissuk (37.5%) > Gaessuk (21.2%) > Seorissuk (19.7%) > Gyessuk (4.3%) > Goissuk (1.9%), including duplicate responses. Of the 178 respondents who responded that they could distinguish it, 82.6% knew only one species, and 17.4% knew two in Gnaphalium affine. 62.3% of respondents said they ate dishes made from Gnaphalium affine, and 62.3% had experience cooking Gnaphalium affine. 61.8% of respondents said they ate rice cake made from Gnaphalium affine, and 40.2% had experience making rice cake with Gnaphalium affine. Edible taste of Gnaphalium affine was evaluated as ‘delicious and sticy taste (4.75)’and ‘above sticky (4.89)’according to criterion level 5.0. The final eating period was followed from 1951-1970 (33.1%) > 1971-1990 (29.4%) > 1991-2010 (17.5%) > after 2011 (13.8%) > before 1950 (10.0%), respectively. As a result, it is very necessary that the standard name of Gnaphalium affine is spread widely and the use culture is succeeded and active. Key words : cottonweed, cudweed, jebissuk, seorissuk, traditional rice cake Ⅰ. Introduction Gnaphalium affine as a medicinal herb is used to alleviate coughing, phlegm, asthma, bronchitis, muscle pain, lumbago, Gnaphalium affine belongs to the genus Gnaphalium of arthritis, prostatism, itchy skin, and high blood pressure (Xi et Compositae, widely distributed in East Asia such as Korea, al., 2012), and also has an antibacterial effect (Pan, 2006). It Japan and China (Kim et al., 2014). In term of botany, Gnaphalium was reported that Gnaphalium affine has functional component affine is an annual plant and germinated in the fall and entered such as flavonoid (Aritomi and Kawasaki, 1974; Morimoto et into hibernation with its rosette leaves. In spring, stems are al., 2000.), phenolic compounds (Shikova et al., 2010), essential divided into many types from the root collar, growing up to oil (Zeng et al., 2011), diterpenes (Meragelman et al., 2003) about 15-50 cm (Heo, 2015). Gnaphalium affine has different and other compounds (Im et al., 2015). name such as Goissuk, Somssuk and Jebissuk. Oriental medicine In Korea, Gnaphalium affine has had various regional names of the whole plant body is called Seogukcho except the root of and been used a rice cake plant in some regions, but there is not Gnaphalium affine. The meaning of Seogukcho is implied that existed. Moreover, history and use method of Gnaphalium the white at the tip of the leaves is like a mouse’s ear, and the affine is slowly being disappeared because of old people death small yellow flower is like chrysanthemum. It is used in China using the plant. However, research on Gnaphalium affine in and Japan as the name of medicinal stuff and rice cake plant Korea only deals with the nutritive components and amino resource (Heo, 2015). acids (Heo, 2015), the antioxidant effect (Kim et al., 2015), analysis of antioxidant activity components (Kim et al., 2014) Received on February 15, 2017. Revised on March 13, 2017. and anti-inflammatory effect (Kim, 2015). Accepted on April 21, 2017. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Thus, this study will provided basic information for efficient This paper is funded by 2016 Wonkwang University research funds. management and development of traditional cultural knowledge Copyright © 2017 by the Society for People, Plants, and Environment This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommonsorg/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Survey Analysis of Regional Name, Use and Availability of Gnaphalium affine at Jeonnam Province of Gnaphalium affine by investigating the perception level of myeon in Goheung county, Mundeok-myeon and Bongnae- the plant, its regional name, use and availability among the myeon in Boseong county, Juam-myeon in Suncheon city, elderly living in each city and county of Jeonnam. Gwansan-eup and Hoejin-myeon in Jangheung county, Gokseong- eup and Gyeom-myeon in Gokseong county, Gyegok-myeon Ⅱ. Research method and Munnae-myeon in Haenam county, Samseo-myeon in Jangseong county, Bonggang-myeon in Gwangyang city, Illo- 1. Survey period, subject and region eup and Mongtan-myeon in Muan county, Noan-myeon and Bogil-myeon in Wando county, Dong-myeon and Dongbok- The survey for this study was conducted from January 2014 myeon in Hwasun county, and Cheongsan 2-gu in Yeosu city. to October 2016. Participants were total 259 women aged 60 or older than 60 in 18 cities and counties of Jeonnam province 2. Survey method (Table 1). The survey regions were selected based on whether they can represent the characteristics of each city and county: The preliminary survey showed that Gnaphalium affine had Dasi-myeon, Munpyeong-myeon and Dado-myeon in Naju city, different regional names, and thus the photos of Gnaphalium Seongjeon-myeon in Gangjin county, Damyang-eup and Mujeong- affine was printed in color as shown in Fig. 1. Responders were myeon in Damyang county, Gunnam-myeon and Bulgap-myeon read the question paper and they answered each survey in Yeonggwang county, Nasan-myeon in Hampyeong county, question. The researchers directly marked the answers given Gurye-eup and Yongbang-myeon in Gurye county, Donggang- by responders. Table 1. Province, age and number of people of surveyed respondent used in this study. Number of respondent by a kind of regional dialect (%) Area Total Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety z Naju 1 (6.7 ) 5 (33.3) 8 (53.3) 1 (6.7) 15 (100) Ganggjin 4 (28.6) 2 (14.3) 5 (35.7) 3 (21.4) 14 (100) Damyang 2 (13.3) 6 (40.0) 6 (40.0) 1 (6.7) 15 (100) Yeonggwang 4 (22.2) 6 (33.3) 8 (44.4) 0 (0.0) 18 (100) Hampyeong 4 (25.0) 6 (37.5) 5 (31.3) 1 (6.3) 16 (100) Guyre 2 (14.3) 4 (28.6) 6 (42.9) 2 (14.3) 14 (100) Goheung 2 (18.2) 3 (27.3) 4 (36.4) 2 (18.2) 11 (100) Boseong 2 (20.0) 3 (30.0) 5 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (100) Suncheon 3 (18.8) 7 (43.8) 6 (37.5) 0 (0.0) 16 (100) Jangheung 4 (23.5) 5 (29.4) 5 (29.4) 3 (17.6) 17 (100) Gokseong 2 (15.4) 3 (23.1) 6 (46.2) 2 (15.4) 13 (100) Haenam 2 (13.3) 5 (33.3) 7 (46.7) 1 (6.7) 15 (100) Jangseong 2 (13.3) 3 (20.0) 8 (53.3) 2 (13.3) 15 (100) Gwangyang 3 (20.0) 4 (26.7) 6 (40.0) 2 (13.3) 15 (100) Muan 3 (23.1) 3 (23.1) 6 (46.2) 1 (7.7) 13 (100) Wando 2 (18.2) 3 (27.3) 5 (45.5) 1 (9.1) 11 (100) Hwasun 4 (25.0) 3 (18.8) 9 (56.3) 0 (0.0) 16 (100) Yeosu 4 (26.7) 4 (26.7) 5 (33.3) 2 (13.3) 15 (100) Total 50 (19.3) 75 (28.9) 110 (42.5) 24 (9.3) 259 (100) z The proportion of respondents. 186 Yun Jum Park, Yang Gyu Ku, Ho Cheol Kim, Ja Yong Cho, and Buk Gu Heo Fig. 1. Photos of Gnaphalium affine used in this study. 3. Survey items and contents investigate the rate. The number of redundant respondents was 1) Name of Gnaphalium affine also included since some of them have eaten at least two different dishes. The rate (%) of respondents with regard to the Photos of Gnaphalium affine (Fig. 1) were shown to the experience of eating of each dish was calculated by ‘the respondents, and they were to answer whether they know the number of each response / the number of subjects X 100.’ existence of the plant and the name, which were marked in the questionnaire. In this process, the regional name Jebissuk 4) Experience of cooking with Gnaphalium affine varied among regions, such as Jebussuk, Jibissuk, Jebutssuk Gnaphalium and Jibutssuk, which were all categorized as Jebissuk for To examine the experience of cooking with affine consistency. However, Gaessuk, Gyessuk and Goissuk were , respondents talked freely about the food they have all distinguished, because they have different meanings. 178 eaten, and the same respondents were grouped together to respondents had two and more response about question, investigate the rate. The number of redundant respondents was excluding 81 respondents (31.35%) who did not know the also included since some of them have cooked at least two existence of Gnaphalium affine among total 259 respondents.