EC 699 2017 Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers This publication is also available at: http://www.clemson.edu/extension/horticulture/turf/pest_guidelines/ 1 2017 Clemson University Pest Control Guidelines for Professional Turfgrass Managers Compiled and Edited by Dr. Bert McCarty Clemson University Turfgrass Specialist This guide supplies information on pesticides used for controlling pests in turfgrasses. Use pesticides safely to protect against human injury and harm to the environment. Diagnose your pest problem; select the proper pesticide, if one is needed; follow the label directions; and obey all federal, state, and local pesticide laws and regulations. Because of environmental risks, including water quality and wildlife toxicity and similar concerns, and risks of handling, some pesticides are classified as "RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES". Such products bear this designation on their label and can be purchased and applied only by certified applicators. All other pesticides, classified as "GENERAL USE PESTICIDES", can be purchased and applied by anyone. Use of brand names does not imply endorsement of the products or criticism of similar ones not mentioned, but are used herein for convenience only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the authors. CONTENTS Title Page Title Page Publication Order Information 2 Plant Growth Retardants Used in Turfgrass Management 103 Poison Control Center Information 3 Herbicide and PGR Common and Trade Names 109 Pesticide Application Record Form 4 Activated Charcoal for Pesticide Deactivation 116 Insect Control 5 Vegetation Management and Weed Control in Specialty Turf Areas 118 Disease Control 29 Aquatic Weed Control in Irrigation Water Supplies 132 Nematode Control 58 Tank-Mixing Chemicals 136 Carrier Water Quality Influences Pesticide Stability 64 Pesticide Calibration Formulas and Other Useful Information 138 Weed Identification and Control 68 Metric System Conversion Factors 143 Managing Herbicide Resistant Weeds 101 South Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Clemson University 2 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY TURFGRASS PUBLICATION ORDER INFORMATION Diagnosing Turfgrass Problems: A Practical Guide More Turfgrass and Related Weeds: Beyond the Color Atlas Designing and Maintaining Bermudagrass Sports Fields in the United States, 2nd edition - EC 698 Weeds of Southern Turfgrasses - EB 150 Diseases of Turfgrasses in the Southeast - EB 146 Pest Management Handbook (vol. 2), Turfgrass and Ornamentals - EC 695 Sod Production in the Southern United States - EC 702 Southern Lawns - EC 707 Make check or money order payable to the Clemson University or for credit card orders call 864-656-3261 during weekday office hours or order on-line at: http://www.clemson.edu/psapublishing Send with this order form to: Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service Bulletin Room, Room 82 Poole Agricultural Center Clemson, SC 29634-0311 1-888-772-2665 Other Turfgrass Publications Sports Field Construction 70 slide set with narrative on designing, constructing, and maintaining all levels of sports fields. Both are available from: CSSA Headquarters Office, Attn: Book Order Dept., 677 South Segoe Road, Madison, WI 53711-1086, http://www.crops.org Best Golf Course Management A complete text covering all agronomic practices for managing golf courses with minimum fertilizer and Practices (3rd edition) pesticide inputs. Order from www.prenhall.com; Amazon.com; GCSAA.com; or BarnesandNoble.com. 1-800-472-7878. ISBN 0-13-088359-X. Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds A complete text covering all major weeds occurring in Turfgrass and Ornamentals. Included are detailed (2nd edition) biology, reproductive means, distribution ranges and control recommendations. ISBN 1-57504-142-1. Managing Bermudagrass Turf A complete text concerning Bermudagrass Turf, especially golf greens. ISBN 1-57504-163-4. Order these books from GCSAA.com; Amazon.com; or BarnesandNoble.com. Weed Control in Turf and A complete text on turf and ornamental herbicides, their chemistry, mode of action, and control of the Ornamentals most important weeds in each. ISBN 13-978-0-13-159122-6. Applied Soil Physical Properties, A complete text on soil physical properties and implementation for commercial turfgrasses settings such Drainage, & Irrigation Strategies as golf courses and sports fields. The book is available through Springer International Publishing, Switzerland at www.springer.com/us/book/9783319242248. Best Management Practices for A complete text on construction, watering, fertilizing, cultural practices, and pest management strategies Carolinas Golf Courses for sustainable golf course turf maintenance. http://www.carolinasgcsa.org/default.aspx 3 POISON CENTERS Robert G. Bellinger, PhD Professor & Extension Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator Palmetto Poison Center - College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Poisoning Emergency – anywhere in the US: 1-800-222-1222 Georgia (Atlanta local):1-404-616-9000 Emergency (Columbia local): 1-803-777-1117 If victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call 911. National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC): 1-800-858-7378 For a pesticide chemical emergency or for any pesticide information. E-mail: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://npic.orst.edu/ For small pesticide spills: call the manufacturer (see your product label), or the NPIC at 1-800-858-7378. PIP- 43 - Pesticide Recordkeeping Requirements for Commercial & Non-commercial Applicators - In South Carolina, commercial and non-commercial pesticide applicators may be required to maintain records on their pesticide applications under more than one regulation. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/pest_ed/pdfs/pipsheets/pip43comm.pdf PIP- 44 - Pesticide Application Information Disclosure Requirements - In South Carolina, all pesticide applicators are required to maintain records or display information on their pesticide applications, and often, under more than one regulation. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/pest_ed/pdfs/pipsheets/pip44disclos.pdf Note: New Pesticide Category in SC: 12e – Miscellaneous – Limited Herbicide Application. 5 hr recertification required every 5 years. Note: EPA Soil Fumigation Information website: http://www2.epa.gov/soil-fumigants 4 PESTICIDE APPLICATION RECORD Company Name Commercial Applicator License Number Pesticide License Category Trade Name Active Ingredient(s) & Formulation % Active Concentration(s) ____/____/____ Manufacturer Lot No. EPA Registration No. Restricted-entry Interval (REI) Safety Equipment Needed/Worn APPLICATION INFORMATION Application Date: ___________ Application Start Time: End Time: _________ Treated Site Location Type of Area Treated Target Pest(s) Total Treated Area Application Rate (e.g, per acre or per 1000 sq. ft.) Amount of Product Mixed: Per Gallons of Water: Gallons Per Acre (GPA) Additives (Surfactant/Wetting Agent/Crop Oil, etc.) Rate WEATHER CONDITIONS Air Temperature (F) Relative Humidity (%) Dew Present (Y/N) Initial Wind Velocity (MPH) Wind Direction ; First Hour ; Second Hour ; Third Hour ; Soil Temperature at 4 inches (oF) Soil Moisture Cloud Cover (%) Rainfall/Irrigation after application (date/time/amount) APPLICATION EQUIPMENT Method of Application Speed (MPH) Motor Speed (RPM) Nozzle Type Number Nozzle Height Spacing Boom Width Spray Pressure (PSI) Nontarget Plant, Animal, or Human Exposure: Yes No (If yes, identify and list corrective or emergency action taken) Other Comments: Signature Date 5 INSECT CONTROL Juang-Horng ‘JC’ Chong Research and Extension Entomologist Contrary to most common beliefs, most insects that occur on turfgrass are not pests. Some, such as parasitic wasps and ground beetles, are in fact beneficial insects that feed on the pests and reduce pest population and damage. Therefore, it is important to identify insects found on turfgrass correctly. An effective integrated pest management (IPM) program takes into consideration the biology, ecology, environment impacts, and all available treatment options. An IPM system is not difficult to adopt. Unbeknown to most turfgrass professionals, they are already utilizing some of these elements in making pest management decisions. Insecticide efficacy can be reduced by many environmental and biological factors. Water pH outside the suitable range can quickly degrade insecticides. Some insecticides may persist longer in clay than in sandy loam. Some insecticides may need irrigation after application to penetrate the soil and kill the insects that live underground. Insects may also develop resistance to one group of insecticides if the same group is applied to the same insect population repeatedly. In order to delay the development of insecticide resistance, avoid using insecticides from same mode of action or IRAC group number repeatedly. To assist in the decision to rotate insecticides, an IRAC table is included in this guide. Ants (nuisance ants and red imported fire ants): A large number of ant mounds can interfere with the play on the greens. RIFA is also a medical concern because of their stings. Monitoring: The small mounds made by the nuisance ants on the greens and the large mounds made by the RIFA along the periphery are the tell-tale signs. Treatment: Most ants can be treated by one of the three methods: individual mound treatment, broadcast granules of baits or long-residual toxicants, and a combination of the two methods. Billbug: Adults feed on the leaf blades and deposit eggs in the stem. The