LOAN COPY ONLY ZEBRA MussELS AND THE MID-ATLANTIC Reports from the Sea Grant Programs of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland Virginia and North Carolina Sponsored by The Sea Grant Programs of the Mid-Atlantic: Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia The Maryland Department of Natural Resources: Maryland Power Plant Research Program National Oceanic and Annospheric Administration: National Sea Grant College Program A Maryland Sea Grant Publication - College Park, Maryland 'Inis confcrcnn· summary resulted from a conference, "Zebra Mussels: A Threat to the Mid­ Atlantic, a Conference for Educators, Tedmical Experts and Resource Managers," held in Baltimore, Maryland, March 10-12, 1993. This booklet was published by the Maryland Sea Grant College, University of Maryland, College Park . ., i..y-A•. Publication of this book is supported by grant NA46RG0091 from the National 1 ~; Oceanic and Atmoshperic Administration to the Maryland Sea Grant College. ""'""""""~ For information on other Maryland Sea Grant publications, contact: Maryland Sea Grant College University of Maryland System 0112 Skinner Hall College Park, Maryland 20742 Contents Foreword Dan Terilzzi, Maryland Sea Grant Extension .......................... .............................................. 1 Introduction Criteria for Predicting Zebra Mussel Invasions in the Mid~Atlantic RC.gion, Patrick Baker, Shirley Baker, and Roger Mann . ................... 5 Regional Summaries Virginia Potential Range of the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in and near Virginia, Patrick Baker, Shirley Baker, and Roger Mann .......... ................... 19 North Carolina Zebra Mussels in North Carolina, Barbara Doll ..... ......................................................... 35 Maryland A Preliminary Asessment of the Potential for Zebra Mussel Infestation in Maryland, John Christmas, Richard Bohn, and Donald Webster ........... ... 41 New Jersey New Jersey Zebra Mussel State Report, Eleanor Bochenek .. ............ , ............................. 57 Delaware Delaware: Criteria for Determining Areas At Risk, Jim Falk '""' ................................. 61 New York The Zebra Mussel Information Clearinghouse, New York Sea Grant Extension ......... 65 List of Speakers ............................................................................................................................. 67 List of Registrants ......................................................................................................................... 71 list of Exhibitors ........................................................................................................................... 77 - '' .._, '-· '_. .,. 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I l \ - ' ' () 1 '> ':--\ / 4' • .J -1, \ c.. ' /">-. ,.. Where will zebra mussels go in the Mid-Atlantic? - l\, • ~r: \ , , I 1..!1 '~ ~.--" ~~ 1 1 This map shows sampled s1tes 1drntijied m the STORET database '1 '\. _, ~~·"-'<~ 1 i ' ' "' ", ~ , h'-~-""' (.f\'<':-.-'./ 1 . ~ . ~ ,, ,-.,, '·'-" where temperature, pH, sal1mty, and other factors mDke condrtrons favorable \ '- / ~ ....._.:._:J ! )'-\j "5, w<.~\,!:::7' "'"'"------ ~ < M - ~ "-"""'''' for ze/Jra mussellulbrtat .. Thts_represen.ts only a h~1ted samplm_g rJ[ort Thr fiJI {-' \ 11.. <~\ 1 j -' 'jV o/ extent of a ubra mussel mvaswn remams uncertarn -no momtormg effort am \, / ·""'if --------- co:wr every st..,.,.m, river or reservoir. M11p provided by Coastal Environmental Servi~"'l'S, . ·j ·v-:~~ Inc.; ad11pted by Eleanor Bochenek, New }ersry Sea Grant and f1y M!Iryland 5ta Grant. ~. Foreword Dan Terlizzi Maryland Sea Grant Extension A popular aphorism maintains that there is a silver lining for every dark cloud. Zebra mussels have been the darkest cloud yet in the invasion biology of North America. Zebra mus­ sel dean-up, prevention and treatment measures- which are expected to cost billions over the next decade in the Great Lakes region alone- promise to be a serious problem in the Mid­ Atlantic and other regions as well VJhat fool with rose colored optics would look for a silver lining here? l believe that at some point in the ncar fuhlre we will review the threat posed by the zebra mussel invasion, recognizing the complacency we have tolerated for too long, and realize that Dreissena polymorpha taught a valuable- as well as expensive -lesson. We have been well aware that shipping and ballast water discharge have been respon­ sible for over 40 introductions in the Great Lakes region alone. We have become increasingly aware that there are ecological consequences to these introductions. These impacts seemed rela­ tively mild until zebra mussels arrived. We had fair warning. As the list of aquatic nonindigenous species grew, we knew that introductions were occurring with serious frequency and that at some point a harmful invader was likely to be introduced. We were playing a kind of ballast biota roulette. There is to my knowledge no available method for predicting risk based on invasion frequency, although the work of Dr. Jim Carlton and his colleagues has taken a significant step in getting there. Clearly, we can ill afford a disastrous introduction like the ze­ bra mussel every 25, 50, or even 100 years. And yet it appears that disruptive introductions may actually occur in shorter intervals of about 10 years. The First Mid-Atlantic Zebra Mussel Conference was organized for two purposes: prepa­ ration and prediction. Preparation, as a key to preventing disruption of utilities, has become necessary after witnessing the Great Lakes experience. This spirit of preparedness has been the motivation behind establishment of the Mid-Atlantic Sea Grant Network's zebra mussel out­ reach program, funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Prediction is important in the region's planning for zebra mussels. It will allow us to direct educational efforts at high risk areas and to assist resource managers in making decisions about boating regulations, monitoring and treatments. I believe that the conference provides an invaluable educational base. The risk reports prepared by the individual states will be useful guides in directing educational efforts and evaluating the success of our predictions in the future. Further information from the second 3 cvalu,1ting the sucn·s~ of our predictions in the future. Further information from the second Mid-Atlantic Zebra Mussel Conference (June 1-3, 1994 in Atlantic City, :"\"ew Jersey) is available from N('W Jersey Sea Grant. A list of zebra mussel materials produced by all the Sea Grant pro­ grarn.o.; in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Zebra Mu5sel: Present Thrfat, F!Jfurt' Dans;er?, is available from th(' Ddawart• St.·,1 Grant College, lewes, Delaware. The Zebra Mussel Information Clearinghouse ((710) ::\95-2516), spon!'ored by the New York Sea Grant Extension, <~iso provides researc_h re­ ports, pt..•riodical!', and bibliographies. A program