L- ^ i THE VELIGER © CMS, Inc., 1994 The Veliger 37(3):244-252 (July 1, 1994) New Species of Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Miocene of California and the Eocene of Washington by LINDSEY T. GROVES Malacology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Abstract. Two new species of cypraeid gastropods are described from localities in Los Angeles County, California and Lewis County, Washington. Zonaria (Zonaria) emmakingae from the lower to middle Miocene ("Temblor Stage" = uppermost Burdigalian/Langhian), Topanga Canyon Formation is the earliest report of this genus and subgenus from the eastern Pacific region. Nucleolaria cowlitziana from the middle to upper Eocene ("Tejon Stage" = uppermost Bartonian/lowermost Priabonian), Cowlitz Formation is the earliest report of this genus worldwide and the only record of the genus from the eastern Pacific. Living species that are closely related to the two new species are also reviewed. INTRODUCTION genus in the eastern Pacific. The only other true cypraeid described from Washington is the Upper Cretaceous spe- Although the family Cypraeidae is well represented in the cies Palaeocypraca (Palaeocypraea) suciensis (Whiteaves, Cretaceous and much of the Cenozoic of the eastern Pacific 1895) from Sucia Island, San Juan Island (Groves, 1990). (Ingram, 1947a, b; Groves, 1990, 1992), cypraeids are rare The two new species here described represent the first in Miocene deposits of California. Described herein is the appearances in the eastern Pacific of two lineages that have first well-preserved cypraeid species from the Miocene of become diverse in the Recent fauna. This paper describes California. Generic and specific determinations cannot be and figures these new species as well as illustrating and made of the only previously reported cypraeids of the Cal- providing a brief synopsis of previously described, related ifornia Miocene: Cypraea n. sp. "A" from the Vaqueros species. horizon of Malibu Canyon and Santa Rosa Island, and Abbreviations used for institutional catalogue and lo- Cypraea n. sp. "C" from the Temblor faunule of Topanga cality numbers are as follows: ANSP, Academy of Natural Canyon, southern California of Loel & Corey (1932). Sciences of Philadelphia; BMNH, The Natural History These poorly preserved internal molds superficially resem- Museum, London; BPBM, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, ble the Recent Panamic species Zonaria (Pseudozonaria) Honolulu; CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San robertsi (Hidalgo, 1906). The earliest appearance of Zona- Francisco; LACM, Natural History Museum of Los An- ria s.s. in the eastern Pacific is recorded here with the geles County, Malacology Section; LACMIP, Natural description of Zonaria (Zonaria) emmakingae Groves, sp. History Museum of Los Angeles County, Invertebrate nov. from the lower to middle Miocene ("Temblor Stage" Paleontology; SDSU, San Diego State University; and of Weaver et al. (1944) [= uppermost Burdigalian/Lang- UCMP, University of California Museum of Paleontol- hian]), Topanga Canyon Formation, Los Angeles County, ogy, Berkeley. southern California (Figure 1). Measurement parameters are defined as follows: length Also described herein is Nucleolaria cowlitziana Groves, = greatest distance between anterior and posterior ends; sp. nov. from the middle to late Eocene ("Tejon Stage" of width = greatest distance between lateral margins; and Clark & Vokes (1936) [= uppermost Bartonian/lower- height = greatest distance between base and dorsum. most Priabonian]), Cowlitz Formation, Lewis County, The classification herein follows that of Schilder & Washington (Figure 1), the first Cenozoic cypraeid species Schilder (1971). The synonymies for the Recent species described from Washington and the only record of the are limited to those with good illustrations or those that L. T. Groves, 1994 Page 245 ^WASHINGTON Seattle [~223LEWIS COUNTY oc7 D-8040 } > i 100 km NGELES COUNTY Figure 1 Index maps showing type localities of the new species of Miocene and Eocene cypraeids described herein. Localities are described in the "Localities Cited" section. add pertinent taxonomic information. Citations of all fossil oblong shape, its lengthened anterior end, and stronger references are included in the synonymies and/or the dentition. The fossula of Zonaria (Pseudozonaria) is den- stratigraphic distribution section, whether or not illus- ticulated and wider than in Zonaria s.s. trated. The earliest known species of Zonaria is Z. (Z.) heilprinu (Dall, 1890) from the lower Miocene (Aquitanian), Tam- SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY pa Formation of Hillsborough County, Florida. West coast Miocene species of Zonaria ranged as far north as the Superfamily CYPRAEACEA Rafinesque, 1815 central Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, Family CYPRAEIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 California (at least 34°8'N) in the eastern Pacific (herein), Calhoun County, Florida (ca. 30°26'N) in the Caribbean Subfamily ERRONEINAE Schilder, 1927 (Dolin, 1991), and Torino, Piedmont Dist., Italy (ca. Tribe Zonariini Schilder, 1941 45°5'N) in Europe (Schilder, 1932). The Recent Panamic Z. (Z.) annettae (Dall, 1909) ranges as far north as Laguna Genus Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884 San Ignacio, Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico (ca. 26°44'N) and as far north as the head of the Gulf of Subgenus Zonaria Jousseaume, 1884 California (ca. 31°37'N) (Burgess, 1985). Zonaria (Z.) ae- Type Species: Cypraea zonata Lamarck, 1810 (not Chem- quinoctialis Schilder, 1933, the only other Panamic species nitz, 1788) [= Cypraea zonaria Gmelin, 1791], by original of Zonaria s.s., ranges from Nicaragua to Peru (Burgess, designation. Recent, West Africa. 1985). The Recent Z. (Z.) pyrum (Gmelin, 1791) ranges as far north as the Mediterranean Sea in Europe (ca. 43°N) Diagnosis: Shell medium to large in size, pear-shaped; (Burgess, 1985) and is the only species of Zonaria from labial lip narrow, with teeth elongated; aperture straight, this region. anteriorly curved toward columella; teeth on posterior ca- nal weak; anterior columellar tooth oblique; fossula nar- Zonaria s.s. disappeared from the Caribbean region in row with inner marginal teeth weak or absent; anterior the late Miocene. The above mentioned Miocene northern and posterior canals deep; spire without furrow but com- ranges are similar to the Recent northern ranges of Zonaria monly ribbed. s.s., and indicate similar climatic conditions for the Pan- amic and Mediterranean regions during the late early to Remarks: Zonaria has been subdivided into Zonaria s.s., middle Miocene. The presence of Z. (Z.) emmakingae Neobernaya Schilder, 1927 [type species = Cypraea spadicea and the associated warm-water gastropod genera Nenta, Swainson, 1823], and Pseudozonaria Schilder, 1927 [type Ibnna, and Ficus from the Topanga Canyon Formation species = Cypraea arabicula Lamarck, 1810]. Zonaria s.s. indicate subtropical to tropical climatic conditions existed differs from Z. (Neobernaya) by its pear shape rather than in what is now southern California (Susuki, 1951). Page 248 The Veliger, Vol. 37, No. 3 Explanation of Figures 6 to 13 Fossil and Recent species of Nucleolaria. Figures 6, 7. N. cowlitziana Groves, sp. nov., holotype UCMP 39837, from UCMP loc. D-8040, x 1.6. Figures 8, 9. N. cassiaui (Burgess, 1965), holotype BPBM 8910, from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, xl.5. Figures 10, 11. N. granulata (Pease, 1862), hypotype LACM 149832, from Pokai Bay, Waianae District, Oahu, Hawaii, x 1.8. Figures 12, 13. N. nucleus (Linnaeus, 1758), hypotype LACM 149833, from north of Auki, Malaita Island, Solomon Islands, x2.1. Type Material: Holotype UCMP 39837. Represented Comparison: The new species is similar to the Recent N. only by the well-preserved holotype that displays original cassiaui (Burgess, 1965:37-40, pi. 4, figs. E-H), N. gran- shell material and measures 27.2 mm in length, 17.3 mm ulata (Pease, 1862:278-279), and N. nucleus (Linnaeus, in width, and 11.3 mm in height. 1758:724). Nucleolaria cowlitziana differs from all three species by having a less prominent dorsal sulcus, finer Type Locality: UCMP loc. D-8040, south-central Lewis dorsal nodules, a lower lateral profile, and stronger ventral County, Washington. The holotype was collected from ribbing. The ovulid species Cypropterina (Jenneria) pus- type section of the middle to upper Eocene ("Tejon Stage" tulata (Lightfoot, 1786, ex Solander MS) lacks denticu- = uppermost Bartonian/lowermost Priabonian) Cowlitz lation on the fossula. Formation. The Cowlitz Formation of Weaver (1912:11-14) was Discussion: The excellent preservation allows for un- named for strata exposed 2.4 km (1.2 mi.) east of Vader, equivocal generic assignment. Nucleolaria cowlitziana is Lewis County, Washington, along the west bank of the significantly different from all other eastern Pacific cy- Cowlitz River. Lithologies at the type section consist of praeids and is the earliest member of this genus worldwide, thick-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained, brownish gray as well as the only representative of the genus in the eastern nearshore marine sandstone, as well as silty sandstone, Pacific region. sandy mudstone, estuarine and freshwater siltstones near Etymology: The name refers to the Cowlitz Formation. the middle and intercalated basaltic flows near the base of the formation (Weaver, 1937). Nesbitt (1982) recognized Nucleolaria cassiaui (Burgess, 1965) three distinct faunal communities at the type locality: a Turritella-Tivellina community;