RURALIZATION The opening of rural areas to renew rural generations, jobs and farms D3.3 Review Report and Fact Sheets based on previous European projects Part A: Review Report 2 D3.3 REVIEW REPORT AND FACT SHEETS BASED ON PREVIOUS EUROPEAN PROJECTS PART A: REVIEW REPORT Version history Ver. Date Comments/Changes Author/Reviewer 0.1 17.04.20 First full draft revised from working draft 1 NUI Galway/Consortium 1.0 30.04.20 Revisions made based on Consortium and NUI Galway/Consortium & S.A.B. feedback SAB Project Acronym RURALIZATION Project Title The opening of rural areas to renew rural generations, jobs and farms Project Number 817642 Instrument Research and Innovation Action (RIA) Topic RUR-01-2018-2019 Building modern rural policies on long-term visions and societal engagement Project Start Date 01/05/2019 Project Duration 48 months Work Package WP3 Framework for Research and Innovation Task T3.1 Review of literature and previous projects at European level Deliverable D3.3 Review Report and Fact Sheets based on previous European projects Due Date 30/04/2020 Submission Date 30/04/2020 Dissemination Level 1 PU Deliverable NUI Galway Responsible Version Part A, version 1.0 Status Final Author(s) Aisling Murtagh, Maura Farrell, Marie Mahon, John McDonagh, Natasha Keenaghan, Therese Conway, Shane Conway Contributor(s) Florian Ahlmeyer, Clara Blasco, Aline Brochot, Alessandra Corrado, Miquel Correa, Adrienne Csizmady, Kim Graham, Krzysztof Janc, Dóra Karsa, Anne Kinsella, Willem Korthals Altes, Imre Kovách, Alice Martin- Prevel, Nicole Mathieu, Szocs-Boruss Miklos Attila, Irene Quesada, Andrzej Raczyk, Veronique Rioufol, Jofre Rodrigo, Pertti Ruuska, Silvia Sivini, Petra Tas, Levente Viszló, Annamaria Vitale, Hans-Albrecht Wiehler Reviewer(s) RURALIZATION S.A.B. and Consortium members 1 PU= Public, CO=Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services), CL=Classified, as referred to in Commission Decision 2001/844/EC RURALIZATION GRANT AGREEMENT NO 817642 D3.3 REVIEW REPORT AND FACT SHEETS BASED ON PREVIOUS EUROPEAN PROJECTS PART A: REVIEW REPORT 3 Table of Contents Version history .................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ 4 Acronyms & Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 4 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 The RURALIZATION project .......................................................................................... 7 Report structure ........................................................................................................... 7 2 Generational renewal, gender and rural regeneration ......................................................... 8 Definitions of key terms ............................................................................................... 8 Key issues: Literature and EU project review ............................................................ 10 2.2.1 Facilitating youth and their contribution to rural regeneration ......................... 10 2.2.2 Gender issues and rural regeneration ................................................................ 12 3 Foresight analysis ................................................................................................................ 18 Definitions of key terms ............................................................................................. 18 Key issues: Literature and European projects review ................................................ 21 3.2.1 Context and relevance: Rural foresight analysis ................................................. 21 3.2.2 Research on megatrends, trends and potential weak signals ............................ 23 4 Rural newcomers and new entrants to farming ................................................................. 26 Definitions of key terms ............................................................................................. 26 4.1.1 Rural newcomers ................................................................................................ 26 4.1.2 New entrants to farming and succession ........................................................... 31 Key issues: Literature and European project review ................................................. 35 4.2.1 Facilitating newcomers and rural regeneration ................................................. 35 4.2.2 Facilitating successors/new entrants and rural regeneration ............................ 40 5 Access to land ...................................................................................................................... 47 Definitions of key terms ............................................................................................. 47 Key issues: Literature and European project review ................................................. 49 5.2.1 Facilitating access to land ................................................................................... 49 6 Policy instruments and governance approaches ................................................................ 60 Rural governance ....................................................................................................... 60 Classifying rural governance approaches and instruments ....................................... 62 7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 67 8 References ........................................................................................................................... 69 Part B: Fact Sheets .................................................................................................................... 92 RURALIZATION GRANT AGREEMENT NO 817642 4 D3.3 REVIEW REPORT AND FACT SHEETS BASED ON PREVIOUS EUROPEAN PROJECTS PART A: REVIEW REPORT List of Figures Figure 1: Typology of counterurbanisation migration strategies ............................................ 28 Figure 2: Different yet interlinked modes of farming .............................................................. 32 Figure 3: New entrant to farming typology ............................................................................. 34 Figure 4: New entrant pathways .............................................................................................. 34 Figure 5: The RURALIZATION perspective ................................................................................ 67 List of Tables Table 1: Definitions of foresight analysis terms ....................................................................... 21 Table 2: Examples of megatrend research relevant to rural regions....................................... 23 Table 3: Trend/scenario building research relevant to rural regions ...................................... 24 Table 4: Research highlighting potential weak signals relevant to rural regions .................... 25 Table 5: Types of rural newcomers .......................................................................................... 29 Table 6: Different types of governance approaches. ............................................................... 63 Table 7: Different types of governance instruments ............................................................... 64 Table 8: Classification of existing/emerging governance approaches and instruments ......... 65 Acronyms & Abbreviations CEE Central and Eastern European EC European Commission ECA European Court of Auditors EIP-AGRI European Innovation Partnership for Agriculture EP European Parliament ESPON European Spatial Planning Observatory Network EU European Union SAB Stakeholder Advisory Board UN United Nations WP Work Package RURALIZATION GRANT AGREEMENT NO 817642 D3.3 REVIEW REPORT AND FACT SHEETS BASED ON PREVIOUS EUROPEAN PROJECTS PART A: REVIEW REPORT 5 Executive Summary RURALIZATION deliverable D3.3 ‘Review Report and Fact Sheets’ Part A provides a review of key issues relevant to RURALIZATION from European research. RURALIZATION is concerned with understanding how to facilitate rural regeneration and generational renewal. In this context, its key focus areas are: rural foresight and trend analysis; the future dreams of rural youth; facilitating rural newcomers; farm succession; new entrants into farming; and access to land. This generates a number of areas of focus for this review. Within each of the five main sections, definitions of key terms are considered, alongside barriers to and supports that can facilitate regeneration. Generational renewal, gender and rural regeneration Consideration of the over-arching, cross-cutting RURALIZATION issues of gender and youth reveal the multi-faceted nature of issues impacting generational renewal and rural regeneration. Drivers identified as impacting insufficient levels of young people in rural areas include lack of youth return migration, the ineffective transition from education to work, a weak youth labour market and wider