SEXUAL WARFARE IN THE MARGINS OF TWO LATE-THIRTEENTH- CENTURY FRANCO-FLEMISH ARTHURIAN ROMANCE MANUSCRIPTS by Emily R. Shartrand A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art History Spring 2020 © 2020 Emily R. Shartrand All Rights Reserved SEXUAL WARFARE IN THE MARGINS OF TWO LATE-THIRTEENTH- CENTURY FRANCO-FLEMISH ARTHURIAN ROMANCE MANUSCRIPTS by Emily R Shartrand Approved: __________________________________________________________ Sandy Isenstadt, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of Art History Approved: __________________________________________________________ John Pelesko, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education and Dean of the Graduate College I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Lawrence Nees, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Lauren Hackworth Petersen, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Denva Gallant, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ Kathryn A. Smith, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation committee members, Drs. Denva Gallant and Lauren Petersen, and especially Dr. Kathryn Smith, whose advice and suggestions have been invaluable. I am additionally grateful for my advisor and dissertation supervisor, Dr. Lawrence Nees who has been a supportive presence throughout my graduate work. Finally, I want to acknowledge my family, without whom I would never have made it this far. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................xv Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1 1.1. The Manuscripts and Their Production. ................................................................4 1.2. Historiography......................................................................................................12 1.3. Areas of Investigation...........................................................................................28 2. IDENTIFYING THE MAJOR MARGINAL GROUP................................................31 2.1. Previous Scholarship on Marginalia in the BnF Fr. 95 and Beinecke Ms. 229 Volumes................................................................................................................33 2.2. The Major Marginal Group..................................................................................38 2.2.1. Violent Battles...........................................................................................41 2.2.2. Penetrated Males........................................................................................54 2.2.3. Nudes.........................................................................................................61 2.2.4. Male-Female Interactions..........................................................................64 2.2.5. Spinning Women.......................................................................................73 2.3. Conclusions...........................................................................................................81 3. THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF LATE-THIRTEENTH- CENTURY FRENCH-FLANDERS............................................................................85 3.1. Production of the BnF Fr. 95 and Beinecke Ms. 229 Volumes............................85 3.2. The Dampierre Family as Patrons........................................................................94 3.3. Marginalia’s Origins in Fabliaux and Other Secular Literature...........................97 3.4. Political Influences on The Marginalia of the BnF Fr. 95 And Beinecke Ms. 229 Volumes................................................................................................101 3.5. Women’s Role Within the Franco-Flemish Textile Industry.............................111 3.6. Conclusions.........................................................................................................116 4. THE MALE-FEMALE DISTAFF JOUSTS AS CASE STUDIES...........................119 4.1. The Function(s) of Marginalia in the Arthurian Vulgate Cycle.........................120 4.2. Case Studies........................................................................................................130 4.2.1. The Jousts: BnF Fr. 95, fol. 226r.............................................................130 4.2.2. The Betrothal Scenes...............................................................................134 4.2.3. The Spinning Women..............................................................................138 v 4.2.4. The Jousts: Beinecke Ms. 229, fol. 100v.................................................144 4.2.5. Further Betrothal Scenes..........................................................................147 4.2.6. The Jousts: Beinecke Ms. 229, fol. 329r..................................................152 4.3. Conclusions.........................................................................................................159 5. CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................161 FIGURES.........................................................................................................................171 REFERENCES................................................................................................................292 Appendix A. THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARGINAL DECORATION IN THE BNF FR. 95 AND BEINECKE MS. 229 VOLUMES.............................................................301 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 95, folio 226 recto. Detail of lower-left margin. New Haven, Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts Library, Ms. 229, folio 199 recto. Detail of lower margin. New Haven, Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts Library, Ms. 229, folio 329 recto. Detail of upper-left margin.....................................................171 Figure 2: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 95, folio 24 verso. Detail of lower margin. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 95, folio 61 verso. Detail of lower-right margin............................................172 Figure 3: New Haven, Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts Library, Ms. 229, folio 260 verso, detail of upper-left margin. Folio 126 recto, detail of lower-left margin. Folio 100 verso, detail of upper-right margin. Folio 187 recto, detail of lower-left margin. Folio 66 recto, detail of upper margin. Folio 23 verso, detail of upper-left margin.............................................................173 Figure 4: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 95, folio 78 recto, detail of lower margin. Folio 249 verso. Detail of upper margin......................174 Figure 5: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 95, folio 78 recto, detail of lower margin. Folio 149 verso, detail of lower margin. Folio 280 verso, detail of lower-left margin.......................................................................175 Figure 6: New Haven, Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts Library, Ms. 229, folio 357 recto. Detail of miniature..................................................................176 Figure 7: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Français 95, folios 99 verso and 100 recto. Depiction of the type A and type B border arrangements........... ..................................................................................................................177 Figure 8: Dublin, Trinity College, Ms. 57...............................................................178 Figure 9: Dublin, Trinity College, Ms. 57. Image manipulated by Meyer Schapiro so the feet of the St. Matthew symbol are symmetrical...............................179 Figure 10: London, British Library, Additional Ms. 62925, folios 101 recto, 106 verso, and 102 recto. Details from the lower margins.............................180 Figure 11: London, British Library, Additional Ms. 62925, folio 84 recto. Detail from the lower margin......................................................................................181 Figure 12: Paris,