File No. 36776 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA (ON APPEAL FROM THE FREDERAL COURT OF APPEAL) BETWEEN: CHIPPEWAS OF THE THAMES FIRST NATION APPELLANT (Appellant) AND: ENBRIDGE PIPELINES INC. THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD THEATTORNEYGENERALOFCANADA RESPONDENTS (Respondents) AND: MOHAWK COUNCIL OF KAHNAW A:KE MISSISSAUGAS OF THE NEW CREDIT FIRST NATION CHIEFS OF ONTARIO NUNAVUT WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT BOARD ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR ONTARIO ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR SASKATCHEWAN SUNCOR ENERGY MARKETING INC. INTERVENERS (lnterveners) APPELLANT'S FACTUM IN REPLY TO THE INTERVENERS FILED BY THE CHIPPEWAS OF THE THAMES FIRST NATION (Pursuant to the Order of Justice Gascon dated September 13, 2016) Counsel for the Appellant, Agent for Counsel for the Appellant, Chippewas of the Thames First Nation: Chippewas of the Thames First Nation: David Nahwegahbow & Scott Robertson Moira S. Dillon Nahwegahbow, Corbiere Supreme Law Group I 09-5884 Rama Rd. 900 - 275 Slater Street Rama, ON L3V 6H6 Ottawa, ON KIP 5H9 Tel: (705) 325-0520 Tel: (613) 691-1224 Fax: (705) 325-7204 Fax: (613) 691-1338 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent, Agent Counsel for the Respondent, Enbridge Pipelines Inc.: Enbridge Pipelines Inc.: Douglas Crowther & Joshua Jantzi Scott McLean & Corey Villeneuve Dentons Canada LLP Dentons Canada LLP 15th Floor, Bankers Court 99 Bank Street S50-2nd Street SW Ottawa, ON KIP 1H4 Calgary, AB T2P ORS Tel: (613) 7S3-9665/7S3-6996 Tel: (403) 26S-7000 Fax: (613) 7S3-9690 Fax: (403) 268 3100 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent, Agent for the Respondent, The National Energy Board: The National Energy Board: Kristen Lozynsky & Jody Saunders Colin Baxter & Michelle Groundwater National Energy Board Conway Baxter Wilson LLP 517 Tenth Avenue SW 401-1111 Prince of Wales Drive Calgary, AB T2R OAS Ottawa, ON K2C 3T2 Tel: (403) 299-3170/ 299-2715 Tel: (613) 7S0-2012/7S0-2016 Fax: (403) 299-2710 Fax: (613) 6S8-0271 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Respondent, Agent for the Respondent, Attorney General of Canada: Attorney General of Canada: Peter Southey Christopher Rupar Department of Justice Canada Office of the Attorney General of Canada The Exchange Tower 50 O'Connor Street 130 King Street West Suite 500, Room 557 Suite 3400, Box 36 Ottawa, ON KIA OHS Toronto, Ontario MSX I K6 Tel: (613) 941-2351 Tel: (416) 973-0942 Fax: (613) 954-1920 Fax: (416) 973-0S90 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Dayna S. Anderson Department of Justice Canada 310 Broadway Suite 301 Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C OS6 Tel: (204) 983-2391 Fax: (204) 984-6488 Email: [email protected] Sarah Bird Department of Justice Canada 10th Floor, 123 2nd Ave. South Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 7E6 Tel: (306) 975-4756 Fax: (306) 975-4030 Email: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General for Ontario: Attorney General for Ontario: Manizeh Fancy Robert E. Houston, Q.C. Attorney General of Ontario Burke-Robertson 720 Bay Street 441 MacLaren Street 8th Floor Suite 200 Toronto, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario M7A2S9 K2P 2H3 Telephone: (416) 314-2177 Telephone: (613) 236-9665 FAX: (416) 326-4181 FAX: (613) 235-4430 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Agent for the Intervener, Attorney General for Saskatchewan: Attorney General for Saskatchewan: Richard James Fyfe D. Lynne Watt Attorney General for Saskatchewan Gowling WLG (Canada) Inc. Constitutional Law Branch, 8th Floor 160 Elgin Street 820, 1874 Scarth St. Suite 2600 Regina, Saskatchewan Ottawa, Ontario S4P 4B3 KIP 1C3 Telephone: (306) 787-7886 Telephone: (613) 786-8695 FAX: (306) 787-9111 FAX: (613) 788-3509 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Agent for the Intervener, Nunavut Wildlife Management Board: Nunavut Wildlife Management Board: Eugene Meehan, Q.C. Marie-France Major Supreme Advocacy LLP Supreme Advocacy LLP 100 - 340 Gilmour Street 100- 340 Gilmour Street Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario K2P OR3 K2P OR3 Telephone: (613) 695-8855 Ext: 101 Telephone: (613) 695-8855 Ext: 102 FAX: (613) 695-8580 FAX: (613) 695-8580 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Agent for the Intervener, Suncor Energy Marketing Inc.: Suncor Energy Marketing Inc.: Martin Ignasiak, W. David Rankin & Patricia J. Wilson Heather Weberg Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP 340 Albert Street 450 - 1st Street S.W. Suite 1900 Suite 2500, TransCanada Tower Ottawa, Ontario Calgary, Alberta KlR 7Y6 T2P SHI Telephone: (613) 787-1009 Telephone: (403) 260-7007 FAX: (613) 235-2867 FAX: (403) 260-7024 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Agent for the Intervener, Mohawk Council of Kahnawa:ke: Mohawk Council of Kahnawa:ke: Francis Walsh Justin Dubois Mohawk Council of Kahnawa:ke Legal Juristes Power Services 130, rue Albert P.O. Box 720 Bureau 1103 Mohawk Territory of Kahnawa:ke, Quebec Ottawa, Ontario JOL IBO KIP 504 Telephone: (450) 632-7500 Telephone: (613) 702-5560 FAX: (450) 638-3663 FAX: (613) 702-5560 E-mail: francis. [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, .Agent for the Intervener, Mississaugas of the New Credit First Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation: Nation: Jason Madden, Nori G. Frame & Jessica Matthew Estabrooks Labranche Gowling WLG (Canada) Inc. Pape Salter Teillet 2600 - 160 Elgin Street 546 Euclid A venue P.O. Box 466, Stn. A Toronto, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario M6G2T2 KIP 1C3 Telephone: (416) 916-2989 Telephone: (613) 786-0211 FAX: (416) 916-3726 FAX: (613) 788-3573 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Counsel for the Intervener, Agent for the Intervener, Chiefs of Ontario: Chiefs of Ontario: Maxime Faille & Jaimie Lickers Guy Regimbald Gowling WLG (Canada) Inc. Gowling WLG (Canada) Inc. 2600-160 Elgin Street 160 Elgin Street P.O. Box 466, Station D Suite 2600 Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario KIP IC3 KIP IC3 Telephone: (613) 233-1781 Telephone: (613) 786-0197 FAX: (613) 563-9869 FAX: (613) 563-9869 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Tab: Document: Page: 1 REPLY MEMORANDUM OF ARGUMENT 1 PART I: OVERVIEW & POSITION 1 PART II: STATEMENT OF THE ARGUMENT 2 A. The Board Does Not Have Implied Jurisdiction to Engage in Consultation 2 B. Constitutional Remedies must uphold Constitutional Obligations 5 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 8 2 AUTHORITIES 9 Cases A. Mitchell v Peguis Indian Band, [1990] 2 SCR 85 9 B. Nowegijick v The Queen, [1983] 1 SCR 29 12 C. News Release, Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Government ofCanada 26 Moves Forward with National Energy Board Modernization (Ottawa: November 8, 2016) D. Kent W. Roach, Constitutional Remedies in Canada, loose-leaf (consulted 28 on 17 November 2016), 2d ed (Toronto: Canada Law Book, 2016) E. Patrick Macklem, "The Form and Substance of Aboriginal Rights: 37 Assimilation, Recognition, Reconciliation" (August 23, 2016) forthcoming in N. Des Rosiers, P. Macklem & P. Oliver, eds, The Oxford Handbook ofthe Canadian Constitution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017) 1 PART I: OVERVIEW & POSITION 1. This Reply of the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation (the "Appellant") responds primarily to the following interveners in this appeal: the Attorney General of Saskatchewan ("Saskatchewan"), the Attorney General of Ontario ("Ontario") and Suncor Energy Marketing Inc. ("Suncor"). The Appellant generally agrees with the arguments advanced by the interveners Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation ("MNCFN"), the Chiefs of Ontario ("COO") and Mohawk Council of Kahnawa:ke ("MCK"). Failure to address any particular intervener or argument should not be construed as agreement with that intervener or argument. 2. Saskatchewan and Ontario take the position that the National Energy Board (the "Board") has implied jurisdiction to fully discharge the Crown's duty to consult under s. 58 of the National Energy Board Act (the NEB Act). 1 Saskatchewan further asserts that the duty to consult is, at its core, "a practical doctrine", which must reflect the need for government flexibility in meeting its consultation obligations. 2 3. The interpretation of s. 58 of the NEB Act put forward by Saskatchewan and Ontario is inconsistent with the constitutional obligations of the Crown to Indigenous peoples. The notions of practicality and government flexibility should not displace established constitutional precepts and interpretive principles. A tribunal's authority to conduct consultation should not be determined by assessing whether its process is more expedient or cost-effective for the Crown or an industry proponent. 4. Suncor takes no position on the issue of the Board's jurisdiction, but proposes a remedial framework for situations when the Crown's duty to consult "falls through the cracks". 3 Suncor argues that the impac~ of a proposed remedy on third parties should "weigh heavily" in the analysis, and suggests that the framework should focus on the "practical utility" of the remedy. 4 5. Suncor's proposal lacks both precedent and authority. It also opposes any framework that would result in an order quashing an invalid decision, which the Appellant submits is required 1 National Energy Board Act, RSC 1985, c N-7, s. 58 [NEB Act]. 2 Intervener's Factum, Attorney General for Saskatchewan, para 4, 10-28. 3 Chippewas ofthe Thames First Nation v Enbridge Pipelines Inc, 2015 FCA 222, at para 126, [2016] 3 FCR 96 [Chippewas ofthe Thames]. 4 Intervener's Factum, Suncor Energy Marketing Inc, para 15.